Enhanced oral absorption of paclitaxel in N-deoxycholic acid-N, O-hydroxyethyl chitosan micellar system.

The overall goal of this study was to develop a micellar system of paclitaxel (PTX) to enhance its oral absorption. An amphiphilic chitosan derivative, N-deoxycholic acid-N, O-hydroxyethyl chitosan (DHC), was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, (1)H NMR, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The degree of substitution (DS) of hydroxyethyl group and deoxycholic acid group ranged from 89.5-114.5% and 1.11-8.17%, respectively. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of DHC decreased from 0.26 to 0.16 mg/mL as the DS of deoxycholic acid group increased. PTX was successfully loaded in DHC micelles with a high drug loading (31.68 ± 0.14%) and entrapment efficiency (77.57 ± 0.51%). The particle size of PTX-loaded DHC micelles ranged from 203.35 ± 2.19 to 236.70 ± 3.40 nm as the DS of deoxycholic acid group increased. After orally administration of PTX-loaded DHC micelles, the bioavailability was threefold compared with that of an orally dosed Taxol®. The single-pass intestinal perfusion studies (SPIP) showed that the intestinal absorption of micelles was via endocytosis involving a saturable process and a p-glycoprotein (P-gp)-independent way. All these indicated that the DHC micelles might be a promising tool for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs.