Matsumoto Keizo
Nagasaki University.
Nihon Rinsho. 2010 Sep;68(9):1595-601.
In Japan, influenza like epidemics were described many times since Heian era. However, Spanish flu as the modern medicine invaded Japan in 1918, thus almost infected 390,000 patients died with associated pneumonia. After the discovery of influenza virus in 1933, Japan experienced pandemic influenza--Asian flu(H2N2) in 1957. After about 10 years, Hong Kong flu (H3N2) came to Japan at 1968. However, we had many reliable antibiotics but had not any antiviral drug at the early time. After year 2000, we fortunately obtained reliable three antiviral drugs such as amantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir. Moreover, very useful rapid test kits for influenza A and B viruses were developed and used in Japan. 2009 H1N1 influenza epidemic occured in Japan after the great epidemic in Mexico and North America but elderly patient was few. With together, host conditions regarding with high risk are changing. Lessons from past several pandemic influenza are those that many issues for changing high risk conditions, viral genetic changes, developing antiviral agents, developing new useful vaccins and determinating bacterial secondary pathogens are important.
在日本，自平安时代以来就多次描述过类似流感的流行病。然而，随着现代医学在1918年传入日本，西班牙流感几乎感染了39万名患者，并导致相关肺炎死亡。1933年发现流感病毒后，日本经历了大流行性流感——1957年的亚洲流感（H2N2）。大约10年后，1968年香港流感（H3N2）传入日本。然而，早期我们有许多可靠的抗生素，但没有任何抗病毒药物。2000年后，我们幸运地获得了三种可靠的抗病毒药物，如金刚烷胺、奥司他韦和扎那米韦。此外，日本还开发并使用了非常有用的甲型和乙型流感病毒快速检测试剂盒。2009年甲型H1N1流感疫情在墨西哥和北美大流行后在日本发生，但老年患者较少。总之，与高风险相关的宿主条件正在发生变化。过去几次大流行性流感的教训是，改变高风险条件、病毒基因变化、开发抗病毒药物、开发新的有用疫苗以及确定细菌继发病原体等许多问题都很重要。
