Department of Physical Chemistry, IENI-CNR and INSTM, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 16, I 27100, Pavia, Italy.
Chem Soc Rev. 2010 Nov;39(11):4370-87. doi: 10.1039/b915141a. Epub 2010 Sep 17.
This critical review presents an overview of the various classes of oxide materials exhibiting fast oxide-ion or proton conductivity for use as solid electrolytes in clean energy applications such as solid oxide fuel cells. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between structural and mechanistic features of the crystalline materials and their ion conduction properties. After describing well-established classes such as fluorite- and perovskite-based oxides, new materials and structure-types are presented. These include a variety of molybdate, gallate, apatite silicate/germanate and niobate systems, many of which contain flexible structural networks, and exhibit different defect properties and transport mechanisms to the conventional materials. It is concluded that the rich chemistry of these important systems provides diverse possibilities for developing superior ionic conductors for use as solid electrolytes in fuel cells and related applications. In most cases, a greater atomic-level understanding of the structures, defects and conduction mechanisms is achieved through a combination of experimental and computational techniques (217 references).
这篇评论文章概述了各种具有快速氧离子或质子导电性的氧化物材料类别，这些材料可用作清洁能源应用（如固体氧化物燃料电池）中的固体电解质。重点介绍了晶体材料的结构和机械特征与其离子传导性能之间的关系。在描述了诸如萤石和钙钛矿基氧化物等成熟的类别之后，本文介绍了新的材料和结构类型。这些包括各种钼酸盐、镓酸盐、磷灰石硅酸盐/锗酸盐和铌酸盐系统，其中许多系统含有灵活的结构网络，并表现出与传统材料不同的缺陷特性和输运机制。结论认为，这些重要系统的丰富化学为开发用于燃料电池和相关应用的固体电解质的优异离子导体提供了多种可能性。在大多数情况下，通过实验和计算技术的结合，可以在原子水平上更好地理解结构、缺陷和传导机制（217 篇参考文献）。
