Health Economics and Financing Programme, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Lancet. 2010 Oct 30;376(9751):1485-96. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61302-5. Epub 2010 Sep 17.
Achievement of high coverage of effective interventions and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5A requires adequate financing. Many of the 68 priority countries in the Countdown to 2015 Initiative are dependent on official development assistance (ODA). We analysed aid flows for maternal, newborn, and child health for 2007 and 2008 and updated previous estimates for 2003-06.
We manually coded and analysed the complete aid activities database of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development for 2007 and 2008 with methods that we previously developed to track ODA. By use of newly available data for donor disbursement and population estimates, we revised data for 2003-06. We analysed the degree to which donors target their ODA to recipients with the greatest maternal and child health needs and examined trends over the 6 years.
In 2007 and 2008, US$4·7 billion and $5·4 billion (constant 2008 US$), respectively, were disbursed in support of maternal, newborn, and child health activities in all developing countries. These amounts reflect a 105% increase between 2003 and 2008, but no change relative to overall ODA for health, which also increased by 105%. Countdown priority countries received $3·4 billion in 2007 and $4·1 billion in 2008, representing 71·6% and 75·6% of all maternal, newborn, and child health disbursements, respectively. Targeting of ODA to countries with high rates of maternal and child mortality improved over the 6-year period, although some of these countries persistently received far less ODA per head than did countries with much lower mortality rates and higher income levels. Funding from the GAVI Alliance and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria exceeded core funding from multilateral institutions, and bilateral funding also increased substantially between 2003 and 2008, especially from the USA and the UK.
The increases in ODA to maternal, newborn, and child health during 2003-08 are to be welcomed, as is the somewhat improved targeting of ODA to countries with greater needs. Nonetheless, these increases do not reflect increased prioritisation relative to other health areas.
Partnership for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health on behalf of the Countdown to 2015 Initiative.
要实现有效干预措施和千年发展目标 4 和 5A 的高覆盖率，就需要充足的资金。倒计时 2015 倡议中的 68 个重点国家中，许多国家都依赖官方发展援助（ODA）。我们分析了 2007 年和 2008 年用于母婴和儿童健康的援助资金流动情况，并更新了 2003-06 年的先前估计数。
我们使用之前开发的跟踪 ODA 的方法，手动对经合组织的完整援助活动数据库进行编码和分析。通过使用捐助者付款和人口估计的新数据，我们修订了 2003-06 年的数据。我们分析了捐助者将其 ODA 定向用于母婴健康需求最大的受援国的程度，并审查了 6 年来的趋势。
2007 年和 2008 年，分别有 47 亿美元和 54 亿美元（2008 年不变美元）用于支持所有发展中国家的母婴和儿童健康活动。这些金额反映了 2003 年至 2008 年间增长了 105%，但与健康领域的整体 ODA 相比没有变化，后者也增长了 105%。倒计时重点国家在 2007 年收到 34 亿美元，2008 年收到 41 亿美元，分别占母婴和儿童健康支出总额的 71.6%和 75.6%。6 年来，将 ODA 定向用于母婴死亡率较高的国家的情况有所改善，尽管其中一些国家的人均 ODA 仍然远远低于死亡率较低、收入水平较高的国家。全球疫苗免疫联盟和全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金的资金超过了多边机构的核心供资，2003 年至 2008 年间，双边供资也大幅增加，尤其是美国和英国。
欢迎 2003-08 年间对母婴和儿童健康的 ODA 增加，对 ODA 更有针对性地投向需求更大的国家也表示欢迎。尽管如此，这些增加并不反映相对于其他卫生领域的优先重视程度有所增加。
母婴、新生儿和儿童健康伙伴关系代表倒计时 2015 倡议。
