Kappler Ulrike
Centre for Metals in Biology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Qld 4072, Australia.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Jan;1807(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.09.004. Epub 2010 Sep 17.
Enzymes belonging to the Sulfite Oxidase (SO) enzyme family are found in virtually all forms of life, and are especially abundant in prokaryotes as shown by analysis of available genome data. Despite this fact, only a limited number of bacterial SO family enzymes has been characterized in detail to date, and these appear to be involved in very different metabolic processes such as energy generation from sulfur compounds, host colonization, sulfite detoxification and organosulfonate degradation. The few characterized bacterial SO family enzymes also show an intriguing range of structural conformations, including monomeric, dimeric and heterodimeric enzymes with varying numbers and types of redox centres. Some of the bacterial enzymes even catalyze novel reactions such as dimethylsulfoxide reduction that previously had been thought not to be catalyzed by SO family enzymes. Classification of the SO family enzymes based on the structure of their Mo domain clearly shows that three distinct groups of enzymes belong to this family, and that almost all SOEs characterized to date are representatives of the same group. The widespread occurrence and obvious structural and functional plasticity of the bacterial SO family enzymes make this an exciting field for further study, in particular the unraveling of the metabolic roles of the three enzyme groups, some of which appear to be associated almost exclusively with pathogenic microorganisms.
属于亚硫酸盐氧化酶（SO）酶家族的酶几乎存在于所有生命形式中，并且如对现有基因组数据的分析所示，在原核生物中尤其丰富。尽管如此，迄今为止，只有有限数量的细菌SO家族酶得到了详细表征，而且这些酶似乎参与了非常不同的代谢过程，如从硫化合物中产生能量、宿主定殖、亚硫酸盐解毒和有机磺酸盐降解。少数已表征的细菌SO家族酶还呈现出一系列有趣的结构构象，包括具有不同数量和类型氧化还原中心的单体、二聚体和异源二聚体酶。一些细菌酶甚至催化新反应，如二甲基亚砜还原，而此前人们认为SO家族酶不会催化此类反应。基于其钼结构域的结构对SO家族酶进行分类清楚地表明，该家族有三个不同的酶组，而且迄今为止几乎所有已表征的SOE都是同一组的代表。细菌SO家族酶的广泛存在以及明显的结构和功能可塑性使其成为一个令人兴奋的进一步研究领域，特别是解开这三个酶组的代谢作用，其中一些似乎几乎只与致病微生物有关。
