Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Exp Gerontol. 2011 Feb-Mar;46(2-3):100-7. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.09.007. Epub 2010 Sep 17.
The Reproductive-Cell Cycle Theory posits that the hormones that regulate reproduction act in an antagonistic pleiotrophic manner to control aging via cell cycle signaling; promoting growth and development early in life in order to achieve reproduction, but later in life, in a futile attempt to maintain reproduction, become dysregulated and drive senescence. Since reproduction is the most important function of an organism from the perspective of the survival of the species, if reproductive-cell cycle signaling factors determine the rate of growth, determine the rate of development, determine the rate of reproduction, and determine the rate of senescence, then by definition they determine the rate of aging and thus lifespan. The theory is able to explain: 1) the simultaneous regulation of the rate of aging and reproduction as evidenced by the fact that environmental conditions and experimental interventions known to extend longevity are associated with decreased reproductive-cell cycle signaling factors, thereby slowing aging and preserving fertility in a hostile reproductive environment; 2) two phenomena that are closely related to species lifespan-the rate of growth and development and the ultimate size of the animal; 3). the apparent paradox that size is directly proportional to lifespan and inversely proportional to fertility between species but vice versa within a species; 4). how differing rates of reproduction between species is associated with differences in their lifespan; 5). why we develop aging-related diseases; and 6). an evolutionarily credible reason for why and how aging occurs-these hormones act in an antagonistic pleiotrophic manner via cell cycle signaling; promoting growth and development early in life in order to achieve reproduction, but later in life, in a futile attempt to maintain reproduction, become dysregulated and drive senescence (dyosis). In essence, the Reproductive-Cell Cycle Theory can explain aging in all sexually reproductive life forms.
生殖细胞周期理论认为，调节生殖的激素以拮抗多效性的方式作用，通过细胞周期信号来控制衰老；在生命早期促进生长和发育，以实现生殖，但在生命后期，为了维持生殖，这种作用会失调并导致衰老。由于从物种生存的角度来看，生殖是生物体最重要的功能，如果生殖细胞周期信号因子决定生长速度、决定发育速度、决定生殖速度、决定衰老速度，那么它们就决定了衰老速度，从而决定了寿命。该理论能够解释：1）衰老和生殖的同时调节，这表现在已知延长寿命的环境条件和实验干预与生殖细胞周期信号因子的减少有关，从而减缓衰老并在恶劣的生殖环境中保持生育能力；2）与物种寿命密切相关的两个现象——生长和发育速度以及动物的最终大小；3）大小与物种间寿命成正比，与物种内生育能力成反比的明显悖论，但在物种内则相反；4）不同物种之间生殖率的差异如何与它们的寿命差异相关；5）为什么我们会患上与衰老相关的疾病；6）衰老发生的一个进化上可信的原因——这些激素通过细胞周期信号以拮抗多效性的方式作用，在生命早期促进生长和发育，以实现生殖，但在生命后期，为了维持生殖，这种作用会失调并导致衰老（dyosis）。本质上，生殖细胞周期理论可以解释所有有性生殖生命形式的衰老。
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