Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
Departments of Genetics, Dermatology and Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Nov 13;15:1424826. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1424826. eCollection 2024.
Ovarian aging is a major health concern for women. Ovarian aging is associated with reduced health span and longevity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of ovarian aging. In addition to providing oocytes with optimal energy, the mitochondria provide a co-substrate that drives epigenetic processes. Studies show epigenetic alterations, both nuclear and mitochondrial contribute to ovarian aging. Both, nuclear and mitochondrial genomes cross-talk with each other, resulting in two ways orchestrated anterograde and retrograde response that involves epigenetic changes in nuclear and mitochondrial compartments. Epigenetic alterations causing changes in metabolism impact ovarian function. Key mitochondrial co-substrate includes acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and α-KG. Thus, enhancing mitochondrial function in aging ovaries may preserve ovarian function and can lead to ovarian longevity and reproductive and better health outcomes in women. This article describes the role of mitochondria-led epigenetics involved in ovarian aging and discusses strategies to restore epigenetic reprogramming in oocytes by preserving, protecting, or promoting mitochondrial function.
卵巢衰老对女性健康是一个重大的关切。卵巢衰老与健康寿命和寿命缩短有关。线粒体功能障碍是卵巢衰老的特征之一。除了为卵子提供最佳能量外，线粒体还提供了一种共底物，驱动表观遗传过程。研究表明，核和线粒体的表观遗传改变都导致了卵巢衰老。核基因组和线粒体基因组相互作用，导致两种方式的正向和逆向反应，涉及核和线粒体区室中的表观遗传变化。代谢变化引起的表观遗传改变会影响卵巢功能。关键的线粒体共底物包括乙酰辅酶 A、NAD+、ATP 和 α-KG。因此，增强衰老卵巢中的线粒体功能可能有助于维持卵巢功能，并可能导致卵巢长寿以及女性生殖和更好的健康结果。本文描述了线粒体主导的表观遗传学在卵巢衰老中的作用，并讨论了通过保存、保护或促进线粒体功能来恢复卵母细胞表观遗传重编程的策略。
