Choe Kevin S, Liauw Stanley L
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2010 Sep 14;10:1854-69. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2010.179.
Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin malignancy among men in the United States. Since the introduction of screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), most patients are being diagnosed at an early stage with low-risk disease. For men with low-risk prostate cancer, there exists an array of radiotherapeutic strategies that are effective and well tolerated, such as external-beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. In recent years, there have been tremendous advances in the field of radiation oncology that have transformed the way radiation is used to treat prostate cancer, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, image-guided radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiotherapy. It is now feasible to deliver high doses of radiation to the target volume with improved precision and spare more of the neighboring tissues from potentially damaging radiation. Disease outcomes are generally excellent in low-risk prostate cancer. Improvements are expected with further integration of innovative technologies in radiation delivery, tumor imaging, and target localization.
前列腺癌是美国男性中最常见的非皮肤恶性肿瘤。自从采用前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）筛查以来，大多数患者在疾病早期被诊断为低风险前列腺癌。对于低风险前列腺癌患者，有一系列有效的且耐受性良好的放射治疗策略，如外照射放疗和近距离放疗。近年来，放射肿瘤学领域取得了巨大进展，改变了放射治疗前列腺癌的方式，如调强放疗、图像引导放疗和立体定向放疗。现在可以更精确地将高剂量辐射输送到靶区，同时使更多的邻近组织免受潜在的辐射损伤。低风险前列腺癌的疾病治疗效果通常很好。随着创新技术在放射治疗、肿瘤成像和靶区定位方面的进一步整合，有望取得更大的改善。
