Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatujak, Bangkok, Thailand.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2010 Nov;45(13):1681-8. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2010.513219.
Histopathology of fish organs was used as biomarkers of toxicity from environmental pollutants. A total of 117 fishes comprising of 52 cyprinids and 65 catfishes were randomly collected from the Mekong River from 5 stations: Chiang Rai, Loei, Nongkhai, Nakhon Phanom and Ubonratchathani. The health of the fish collected in December and April, winter and summer respectively, was evaluated. All fish from the 5 stations developed pathologic lesions with the same characteristics in their livers, kidneys and spleen. In the liver, there was vacuolation of hepatocytes, accumulation of brownish-green granules in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, necrosis of hepatocytes, granuloma formation and angiogenesis. Kidney lesions consisted of glomerular degeneration, necrosis and focal hyperplasia of renal tubules. In the spleen, there were haemorrhage, melanomacrophage centre infiltration and necrosis of the red pulp and white pulp. The pathologic severity of the catfish was found to be more severe than in the cyprinids and the catfish collected in summer were less healthy than the catfish collected in the winter. These histopathological appearances might arise from the fish feeding on the benthos and thereby accumulating toxic pollutants in their organs. The activities of the serum enzymes, Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT), were markedly increased, indicating detoxification activity. The highest activity of GOT found in the cyprinids from Chiang Rai 365.30 U/L whereas in the catfish from Nakhon Phanom the activity was 300.73 U/L. The highest GPT activity found in the cyprinids from Nakhon Phanom was 203.23 U/L where as in the catfish from the same station was GPT 389.77 U/L. According to the results from this study, catfish collected from Chiang Rai, Nakhon Phanom and Ubonratchathani showed more severe pathological changes than catfish from the other stations. Fish organs and river water were analysed for Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals. The fish organs showed bioaccumulation of these toxic pollutants. BioConcentration Factors (BCFs) were calculated. Therefore an attempt is made to correlate these findings to the Mekong study in general.
采用鱼类器官的组织病理学作为环境污染毒物毒性的生物标志物。总共从湄公河的 5 个站点（清莱、黎府、那空那育、那空拍侬和乌汶叻差他尼）随机采集了 117 种鱼类，包括 52 种鲤鱼和 65 种鲶鱼。评估了分别于 12 月和 4 月冬季和夏季采集的鱼类的健康状况。来自 5 个站点的所有鱼类的肝脏、肾脏和脾脏均出现相同特征的病理病变。在肝脏中，肝细胞出现空泡化，肝细胞细胞质中棕色-绿色颗粒蓄积，肝细胞坏死，肉芽肿形成和血管生成。肾脏病变包括肾小球变性，肾小管局灶性增生和坏死。脾脏有出血，黑色素巨噬细胞中心浸润以及红髓和白髓坏死。鲶鱼的病理严重程度比鲤鱼更严重，夏季采集的鲶鱼不如冬季采集的鲶鱼健康。这些组织病理学表现可能是由于鱼类以底栖生物为食，从而在其器官中积累了有毒污染物。血清酶，谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶（GOT）和谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶（GPT）的活性显着增加，表明具有解毒活性。清莱 3 号鲤鱼 GOT 的最高活性为 365.30 U/L，而那空拍侬鲶鱼的活性为 300.73 U/L。那空拍侬鲤鱼的最高 GPT 活性为 203.23 U/L，而同一站的鲶鱼的 GPT 活性为 389.77 U/L。根据这项研究的结果，来自清莱，那空拍侬和乌汶叻差他尼的鲶鱼比来自其他站点的鲶鱼表现出更严重的病理变化。对鱼类器官和河水进行多环芳烃（PAHs）和金属分析。鱼类器官显示出这些有毒污染物的生物蓄积。计算生物浓缩系数（BCF）。因此，试图将这些发现与湄公河研究相关联。
