Watkins Elizabeth Siegel
J Womens Hist. 2010;22(3):88-111. doi: 10.1353/jowh.2010.0585.
This essay examines the history of Norplant from its development in the 1960s, to its approval by the FDA in 1990, through its tumultuous reception in American society, to its removal from the market in 2000. The rejection of Norplant by women was influenced by the social and political climate of the 1990s, in which a feminist health agenda, a consumerist ideology in health care, a growing tendency toward class action litigation, and increasing distrust of the pharmaceutical industry worked together to empower women to take charge of their reproductive decision making. The rhetoric of population control in the 1960s, when the pill and IUD were introduced, was very different from the language of individual choice that dominated in the 1990s, the era of Norplant. This investigation of Norplant extends the historical analysis of reproductive politics to the very end of the twentieth century.
本文考察了诺普兰（Norplant）的历史，从其20世纪60年代的研发，到1990年获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准，再到其在美国社会受到的动荡反响，直至2000年退出市场。女性对诺普兰的抵制受到20世纪90年代社会和政治氛围的影响，当时女权主义健康议程、医疗保健中的消费主义意识形态、集体诉讼趋势的不断增长以及对制药行业日益增加的不信任共同作用，使女性有能力掌控自己的生殖决策。20世纪60年代避孕药和宫内节育器问世时的人口控制言辞，与诺普兰所处的20世纪90年代占主导地位的个人选择语言截然不同。对诺普兰的这项研究将生殖政治的历史分析延伸至20世纪末。
