Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Centre for Sustainable Pest and Disease Management, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2011 Jan;67(1):10-20. doi: 10.1002/ps.2024. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
The recent resurgence of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., has driven an increase in research into the biology and behaviour of this pest. Current control is reliant on the application of insecticides, but, owing to the development of insecticide resistance, there is a need for new tools and techniques. Semiochemicals (behaviour- and physiology-modifying chemicals) could be exploited for management of bed bugs. The aim of this review was to evaluate studies undertaken in bed bug chemical ecology to date, with particular reference to how the research could be exploited for monitoring and control. Bed bugs, like many other insects, have a complex olfactory system. Recent studies have characterised the olfactory sensilla, located on the terminal segment of the antennae, to functional classes by electrophysiological screening. Behavioural studies have revealed the presence of an alarm pheromone and potential airborne aggregation semiochemicals, but it is not yet understood if bed bugs use a sex pheromone during mating. Host location cues have been investigated, and carbon dioxide has been found to be highly attractive both in laboratory and in field studies. Recent field trials have tested blends of other potential kairomones, which have been shown to have an additive effect when used in a heated bed bug trap with carbon dioxide. The trap, which combines heat and kairomones, is the only trap currently available with proven efficacy in the field. In order for semiochemicals to be useful for bed bug management, an increased knowledge and understanding of the biology, behaviour and chemical ecology of this insect is essential.
近年来，普通臭虫（Cimex lectularius L.）的再次出现，推动了对这种害虫生物学和行为的研究。目前的控制依赖于杀虫剂的应用，但由于杀虫剂抗性的发展，需要新的工具和技术。信息素（行为和生理修饰化学品）可用于臭虫的管理。本综述旨在评估迄今为止在臭虫化学生态学方面所进行的研究，特别是研究如何利用这些研究来进行监测和控制。与许多其他昆虫一样，臭虫具有复杂的嗅觉系统。最近的研究通过电生理筛选将位于触角末端的嗅觉感器特征化为功能类别。行为研究揭示了存在警报信息素和潜在的空气传播聚集信息素，但尚不清楚臭虫在交配时是否使用性信息素。已经研究了宿主定位线索，并且已经发现二氧化碳在实验室和野外研究中都具有高度吸引力。最近的野外试验测试了其他潜在引诱剂的混合物，当与二氧化碳一起用于加热臭虫诱捕器时，这些混合物显示出相加效应。这种诱捕器结合了热量和引诱剂，是目前在野外具有已证明功效的唯一诱捕器。为了使信息素对臭虫管理有用，必须增加对这种昆虫的生物学、行为和化学生态学的了解和理解。
