Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia, C/Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2010 Nov;81(9):1137-42. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.006. Epub 2010 Sep 22.
A continuous injection experiment was implemented in a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system to evaluate the behavior of four pharmaceuticals and personal care products (i.e. ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and tonalide) and a phenolic estrogenic compound (i.e. bisphenol A). The treatment system consisted of an anaerobic reactor as a primary treatment, followed by two 0.65 m² wetlands (B1 and B2) working in parallel and connected to a 1.65 m² wetland (B3) operating in series. Overall removal efficiencies for the selected compounds ranged from 97% to 99%. The response curves of the injected pollutants show that the behavior of these compounds strongly depends on their sorption and biodegradation characteristics. While about 50% of ibuprofen was removed in B1 and B2, 99% was achieved at B3, where the dissolved oxygen concentration was significantly higher (B1-B2=0.5 mg L⁻¹ and B3=5.4 mg L⁻¹). Naproxen and diclofenac were efficiently removed (93%) in B1 and B2, revealing anaerobic degradation as a probable removal mechanism. Moreover, tonalide and bisphenol A were readily removed in the small wetlands (94% and 83%, respectively), where the removal of total suspended solids was 93%. Therefore, given their high hydrophobicity, sorption onto the particulate matter stands for the major removal mechanism. However, the tentative identification of carboxy-bisphenol A as an intermediate degradation product in B3 suggested biodegradation as a relevant bisphenol A removal pathway under aerobic prevailing conditions.
在一个中试规模的水平潜流人工湿地系统中进行了连续注射实验，以评估四种药品和个人护理产品（即布洛芬、萘普生、双氯芬酸和托纳利德）和一种酚类雌激素化合物（即双酚 A）的行为。处理系统由一个厌氧反应器作为一级处理，随后是两个 0.65 m² 的湿地（B1 和 B2）并联运行，并连接到一个 1.65 m² 的湿地（B3）串联运行。所选化合物的总体去除效率在 97%到 99%之间。注入污染物的响应曲线表明，这些化合物的行为强烈取决于它们的吸附和生物降解特性。虽然大约 50%的布洛芬在 B1 和 B2 中被去除，但在 B3 中达到了 99%，B3 中的溶解氧浓度明显更高（B1-B2=0.5 mg L⁻¹，B3=5.4 mg L⁻¹）。萘普生和双氯芬酸在 B1 和 B2 中被有效去除（93%），表明可能存在厌氧降解作为去除机制。此外，托纳利德和双酚 A 在小湿地中很容易被去除（分别为 94%和 83%），总悬浮固体的去除率为 93%。因此，鉴于其高疏水性，吸附到颗粒物上是主要的去除机制。然而，在 B3 中鉴定出羧基双酚 A 作为中间降解产物，表明在有氧条件下生物降解是双酚 A 去除的一个相关途径。
