University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4411, United States.
Schizophr Res. 2010 Dec;124(1-3):36-42. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.039. Epub 2010 Sep 24.
As part of an ongoing scale development process, this study provides an initial examination of the psychometric properties and validity of a new interview-based negative symptom instrument, the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), in outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N = 37). The scale was designed to address limitations of existing measures and to comprehensively assess five consensus-based negative symptoms: asociality, avolition, anhedonia (consummatory and anticipatory), affective flattening, and alogia. Results indicated satisfactory internal consistency reliability for the total CAINS scale score and promising inter-rater agreement, with clear areas identified in need of improvement. Convergent validity was evident in general agreement between the CAINS and alternative negative symptom measures. Further, CAINS subscales significantly correlated with relevant self-report emotional experience measures as well as with social functioning. Discriminant validity of the CAINS was strongly supported by its small, non-significant relations with positive symptoms, general psychiatric symptoms, and depression. These preliminary data on an early beta-version of the CAINS provide initial support for this new assessment approach to negative symptoms and suggest directions for further scale development.
作为正在进行的量表开发过程的一部分，本研究初步考察了一种新的基于访谈的阴性症状量表——临床评估访谈阴性症状量表（CAINS）在精神分裂症或分裂情感障碍门诊患者中的心理测量特性和效度（N=37）。该量表旨在解决现有测量方法的局限性，并全面评估基于共识的五种阴性症状：社交退缩、意志减退、快感缺失（体验性和预期性）、情感迟钝和寡语。结果表明，CAINS 总分的内部一致性信度令人满意，评分者间一致性有一定提高空间，还明确了需要改进的领域。CAINS 与其他阴性症状测量方法之间的一致性较好，表明其具有良好的聚合效度。此外，CAINS 分量表与相关的自我报告情感体验测量以及社会功能显著相关。CAINS 的区分效度也得到了很好的支持，其与阳性症状、一般精神病症状和抑郁之间的关系较小且不显著。CAINS 的这些初步数据是其早期 beta 版本的初步支持，为阴性症状的这种新评估方法提供了初步支持，并为进一步的量表开发提供了方向。
