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在德国,不同年龄段(30 岁以下)女性中 HPV 感染的低危型和高危型人乳头瘤病毒以及其他 HPV 感染的危险因素的流行情况:一项基于观察的流行病学研究。

Prevalence of low-risk and high-risk types of human papillomavirus and other risk factors for HPV infection in Germany within different age groups in women up to 30 years of age: an epidemiological observational study.

机构信息

Division of Experimental Virology, Institut of Medical Virology, Universitaetsklinikum, Tuebingen, Germany.

出版信息

J Med Virol. 2010 Nov;82(11):1928-39. doi: 10.1002/jmv.21910.

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is frequent in young women and persistent infection may lead to cervical cancer. Therefore, vaccination against HPV is recommended for young women in the age group from 12-17 years in Germany. However, epidemiological data on the prevalence of HPV types and risk factors for infection for younger women in Germany is scarce. To address this, an observational study was performed in Germany including 1,692 women aged 10-30 years. After a routine Pap smear, cervical swabs were tested for high-risk and low-risk HPV, respectively, using the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) test, and genotyped using the PCR-based tests SPF(10)/LiPA(25) and PapilloCheck®. In addition, the women were interviewed regarding their medical history and lifestyle factors. Three hundred seventy-seven (22.28%) women had positive HC2 results. The proportion of HPV positive women was highest in the 20-22 age group with 28.3%. Predominant HPV types were HPV 16, 42, 51 and HPV 16, 51, 31 as defined by PapilloCheck® and SPF(10)/LiPA(25), respectively. 95.8% of women did not show signs of any cervical lesion. Adjusted analysis identified number of sexual partners (OR:1.105; 95% CI:[1.069-1.142]), smoking (OR:1.508; [1.155-1.968]), and vaccination against HPV (OR:0.589; [0.398-0.872]) rather than increasing age as risk associated with HPV infection. Comparison of the genotyping assays showed that they correspond well regarding the high-risk HPV types but less well for low-risk HPV types. This epidemiological study shows that high-risk HPV infection is common in young women in Germany. According to our data, vaccination of young women could have a potential impact on the prevention of HPV infection and cervical disease.

摘要

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染在年轻女性中很常见,持续性感染可能导致宫颈癌。因此,德国建议年龄在 12-17 岁的年轻女性接种 HPV 疫苗。然而,德国年轻女性 HPV 类型的流行情况和感染危险因素的流行病学数据很少。为了解决这个问题,在德国进行了一项观察性研究,共纳入 1692 名年龄在 10-30 岁的女性。在常规巴氏涂片检查后,使用杂交捕获 2(HC2)试验分别检测高危型和低危型 HPV,并使用基于 PCR 的 SPF(10)/LiPA(25)和 PapilloCheck®试验进行基因分型。此外,对这些女性进行了病史和生活方式因素的访谈。377 名(22.28%)女性的 HC2 检测结果为阳性。HPV 阳性女性的比例在 20-22 岁年龄组最高,为 28.3%。PapilloCheck®和 SPF(10)/LiPA(25)定义的主要 HPV 类型分别为 HPV 16、42、51 和 HPV 16、51、31。95.8%的女性没有任何宫颈病变的迹象。调整分析发现性伴侣数量(OR:1.105;95%CI:[1.069-1.142])、吸烟(OR:1.508;[1.155-1.968])和 HPV 疫苗接种(OR:0.589;[0.398-0.872])而非年龄增长是 HPV 感染的相关风险因素。基因分型检测的比较表明,它们在高危型 HPV 类型方面具有很好的一致性,但在低危型 HPV 类型方面一致性较差。这项流行病学研究表明,德国年轻女性中高危型 HPV 感染很常见。根据我们的数据,年轻女性接种疫苗可能对预防 HPV 感染和宫颈癌有潜在影响。

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