Nie Jun, Yang Zeng-Ping, Zheng Sheng-Xian, Liao Yu-Lin, Xie Jian, Xiang Yan-Wen
Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2010 Jun;21(6):1453-60.
In order to quantify the effects of 27 years application of chemical fertilizers, pig manure, and rice straw on the reddish paddy soil quality in double rice cropping region, the indices of soil bulk density, porosity, maximum water holding capacity, normalized mean weight diameter, pH, cation exchange capacity, available nutrients, organic matter, microbial biomass C, enzyme activities, and rice yield were selected as the evaluation indicators, and classified into four functional groups, i. e., resistance to physical degradation, plant nutrients supply and storage, resistance to biochemical degradation, and sustaining of crop productivity. The soil quality index (SQI) was calculated based on the four functional groups. The results showed that the SQI ranged from 0.544 in treatment CK to 0.729 in treatment NPK plus rice straw. Treatments PK, NP, and NK induced soil degradation, compared to treatment NPK. The deficiencies of soil P and K were the main limiting factors for the double rice productivity in reddish paddy soil area. Even though 30 t x hm(-2) x a(-1) of pig manure and 4.2 t x hm(-2) x a(-1) of rice straw were applied, the soil P and K were still not adequate for the requirement of rice growth. There was no obvious effect of long-term application of lime on the reddish paddy soil quality. The combined application of NPK with organic manure was an important and effective measure in improving soil quality in double rice cropping regions of Southern China.
为了量化27年施用化肥、猪粪和稻草对双季稻种植区赤红壤土壤质量的影响，选取土壤容重、孔隙度、最大持水量、标准化平均重量直径、pH值、阳离子交换量、有效养分、有机质、微生物生物量碳、酶活性和水稻产量等指标作为评价指标，并将其分为四个功能组，即抗物理退化、植物养分供应与储存、抗生化降解和维持作物生产力。基于这四个功能组计算土壤质量指数（SQI）。结果表明，土壤质量指数范围从对照处理的0.544到氮磷钾加稻草处理的0.729。与氮磷钾处理相比，磷钾、氮磷和氮钾处理导致土壤退化。土壤磷和钾的缺乏是赤红壤地区双季稻生产力的主要限制因素。即使施用30 t·hm⁻²·a⁻¹的猪粪和4.2 t·hm⁻²·a⁻¹的稻草，土壤磷和钾仍不足以满足水稻生长的需求。长期施用石灰对赤红壤土壤质量没有明显影响。氮磷钾与有机肥配合施用是改善中国南方双季稻种植区土壤质量的一项重要且有效的措施。
