Vitulli W F, McNeil M J
University of South Alabama.
Percept Mot Skills. 1990 Dec;71(3 Pt 2):1131-8. doi: 10.2466/pms.1990.71.3f.1131.
This exploratory investigation concerned the effects of both auditory and visual context variations on the immediate recall of a series of digits presented on a computer screen (CRT). 5 intensities of background noise and 5 background hues were presented randomly to 110 undergraduate volunteers as they studied 25 numerals ranging from 1 to 5 at rates of change of either 1 or 3 sec. per numeral timed from the onset of the previous numeral. A 2 x 2 x 5 mixed split-plot factorial analysis of variance gave a significant difference in mean immediate-recall scores between rates of digit presentation with better recall associated with the 3-sec. rate. There was no significant main effect in recall scores for auditory vs color contexts, yet a post hoc analysis of variance for successive stages followed by Scheffé comparisons showed that across auditory intensities, Stages 3 and 4 and 5 (combined) had significantly higher immediate recall scores than Stages 1 and 2 (combined). This improvement across stages was not found under the visual (color) series. There was a three-way interaction for modality-contexts x rates x levels explained by the partitioning of stages which differed for auditory and for visual contexts. Results are discussed in terms of effects of modality.
这项探索性研究关注听觉和视觉背景变化对在计算机屏幕（阴极射线管）上呈现的一系列数字即时回忆的影响。在110名本科志愿者学习从1到5的25个数字时，以每个数字从前一个数字开始呈现起算1秒或3秒的变化速率，随机向他们呈现5种背景噪音强度和5种背景色调。一个2×2×5混合裂区析因方差分析表明，数字呈现速率之间的即时回忆平均得分存在显著差异，3秒的呈现速率下回忆效果更好。在听觉与颜色背景的回忆得分上没有显著的主效应，然而，对连续阶段进行方差分析后再进行谢费尔比较表明，在不同的听觉强度下，第3、4和5阶段（合并）的即时回忆得分显著高于第1和2阶段（合并）。在视觉（颜色）系列中未发现各阶段间的这种改善情况。对于模态 - 背景×速率×水平存在一个三因素交互作用，这可以通过对听觉和视觉背景不同的阶段划分来解释。将根据模态的影响对结果进行讨论。
