Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara 93117, USA.
Int J Audiol. 2010 Oct;49(10):754-61. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2010.493897.
A systematic review was conducted to evaluate evidence regarding xylitol, a sugar alcohol, as a prophylaxis for acute otitis media (AOM) in children. The authors searched PubMed and other databases to identify evidence. Criteria for included studies were: appear in English-language, peer-reviewed journals; at least quasi-experimental designs; use xylitol; and present outcome data. The authors completed evaluation forms for the included studies at all phases of the review. The authors reviewed 1479 titles and excluded 1435. Abstracts and full texts were reviewed for the remaining 44; four randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria. Xylitol was a generally well accepted prophylaxis for AOM with few side effects when administered via chewing gum or syrup at 10 g/day given five times daily. Meta-analysis revealed significant treatment effects (Risk ratio = 0.68; 95% confidence interval = 0.57 to 0.83). Xylitol can be a prophylaxis for AOM, but warrants further study, especially of vehicles other than chewing gum for young children, and information is needed regarding cost, duration of administration required, and expected long-term effects.
系统评价评估了木糖醇（一种糖醇）作为儿童急性中耳炎（AOM）预防药物的证据。作者搜索了 PubMed 和其他数据库以确定证据。纳入研究的标准为：发表在英文同行评议期刊上；至少是准实验设计；使用木糖醇；并提供结局数据。作者在审查的所有阶段都完成了纳入研究的评估表。作者审查了 1479 个标题，排除了 1435 个。对其余 44 个进行了摘要和全文审查；四项随机对照试验符合纳入标准。每天 5 次、每次 10g 给予咀嚼胶或糖浆形式的木糖醇，通常可被接受为 AOM 的预防药物，副作用较少。荟萃分析显示治疗效果显著（风险比=0.68；95%置信区间=0.57 至 0.83）。木糖醇可作为 AOM 的预防药物，但需要进一步研究，特别是对于幼儿的咀嚼胶以外的载体，以及关于成本、所需的给药持续时间和预期的长期效果的信息。
