[Septic arthritis].

Septic arthritis is a serious medical problem that should be promptly recognized and requires appropriate treatment to avoid permanent joint damage. The disease is caused by several different microorganisms but the most frequent in children and in adults is Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogenetic mechanism, general (antiblastic therapy, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis) and local (intra-articular injections) promoting factors are discussed. Usefulness of laboratory and radiological investigations is debated. Finally indications for needle aspiration, adequate drainage as well as guide lines on general and local antibiotic therapy are reported.