Rubio Gonzalo D, Moreno Claudia E
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Univ Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
Neotrop Entomol. 2010 Jul-Aug;39(4):496-505. doi: 10.1590/s1519-566x2010000400006.
The Iberá Marshlands RAMSAR reserve, in the northeast of Argentina, is one of the largest and most important wetlands of America. In this study we assess orb-weaving spider (Araneae: Orbiculariae) diversity in this reserve, analyzing different facets of local diversity (species richness, diversity, evenness and taxonomic distinctness), and the contribution of species differentiation (beta diversity) among localities and habitat types to the composition of regional diversity. We found 1657 individuals of 59 orb-weaving spider species/morphospecies. Local diversity differs among the three sampled localities. At the habitat level, the different facets of biodiversity followed a clear pattern, where woodlands have higher species richness, diversity, evenness and taxonomic distinctness than savannas. Savanna sites shared a common spider species composition, while woodland communities have high values of complementarity. Thus, beta diversity has a very high contribution to the regional diversity of the orb-weaving spiders in the Iberá Marshlands. We suggest that conservation management in the reserve should be directed towards promoting natural spatial heterogeneity, giving special protection to habitat mosaics in different localities.
位于阿根廷东北部的伊贝拉沼泽地拉姆萨尔保护区，是美洲最大且最重要的湿地之一。在本研究中，我们评估了该保护区园蛛（蜘蛛目：圆蛛科）的多样性，分析了当地多样性的不同方面（物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度和分类差异），以及不同地点和栖息地类型之间的物种分化（β多样性）对区域多样性组成的贡献。我们发现了59种园蛛物种/形态物种的1657个个体。三个采样地点的当地多样性有所不同。在栖息地层面，生物多样性的不同方面呈现出清晰的模式，即林地的物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度和分类差异高于稀树草原。稀树草原地点共享着共同的蜘蛛物种组成，而林地群落具有较高的互补性价值。因此，β多样性对伊贝拉沼泽地园蛛的区域多样性贡献非常大。我们建议，保护区的保护管理应致力于促进自然空间异质性，特别保护不同地点的栖息地镶嵌体。
