Diagnostic radiograph based 3D bone reconstruction framework: application to osteotomy surgical planning.

Pre-operative planning in orthopedic surgery is essential to identify the optimal surgical considerations for each patient-specific case. The planning for osteotomy is presently conducted through two-dimensional (2D) radiographs, where the surgeon has to mentally visualize the bone deformity. This is due to direct three-dimensional (3D) imaging modalities such as Computed Tomography (CT) still being restricted to a minority of complex orthopedic procedures. This paper presents a novel 3D bone reconstruct technique, through bi-planar 2D radiographic images. The reconstruction will be pertinent to osteotomy surgical diagnostics and planning. The framework utilizes a generic 3D model of the bone of interest to obtain the anatomical topology information. A 2D non-rigid registration is performed between the projected contours of this generic 3D model and extracted edges of the X-ray image to identify the planar customization required. Subsequently a free-form deformation based manipulation is conducted to customize the overall 3D bone shape.