Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Autism. 2010 Nov;14(6):605-18. doi: 10.1177/1362361310372777. Epub 2010 Oct 5.
Recent findings indicate that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) could, surprisingly, infer traits from behavioural descriptions. Now we need to know whether or not individuals with ASD are able to use trait information to identify people by their faces. In this study participants with and without ASD were presented with pairs of faces each accompanied by a sentence. One sentence allowed a trait to be inferred (e.g. 'This is Ross who smiled and said hello to everyone at the party.') and one allowed a fact to be inferred (e.g. 'This is Ben who has to bend down to enter most doors.'). Subsequently, the same face stimuli were presented with a single descriptive trait, fact or name cue (e.g. friendly or tall and Ross or Ben respectively in the above examples). Participants had to choose which of the faces best related to the cue word. Participants with ASD performed surprisingly well in associating traits, facts, and names to the appropriate person significantly above what would be expected by chance. Indeed, they performed as well as participants without ASD.
最近的研究结果表明，令人惊讶的是，自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者可以从行为描述中推断出特征。现在我们需要知道 ASD 患者是否能够利用特征信息通过面部来识别他人。在这项研究中，患有和不患有 ASD 的参与者分别观看了一对带有句子的人脸图片。一个句子允许推断出一个特征（例如，“这是罗斯，他在聚会上微笑着向每个人打招呼。”），另一个句子允许推断出一个事实（例如，“这是本，他必须弯腰才能进入大多数门。”）。随后，相同的人脸刺激物被呈现出单一的描述性特征、事实或名称提示（例如，上述例子中的友好或高个子和罗斯或本）。参与者必须选择哪个面孔与提示词最相关。令人惊讶的是，患有 ASD 的参与者在将特征、事实和名称与合适的人相关联方面表现出色，明显高于随机预期。事实上，他们的表现与没有 ASD 的参与者一样好。
