Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Avenue, Suite 1038, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Chem Senses. 2011 Jan;36(1):63-7. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjq098. Epub 2010 Oct 5.
The association of olfactory dysfunction with mortality was examined in 1162 older persons without dementia or Parkinson's disease. They completed a standard 12-item test of odor identification and then were followed for a mean of 4.2 years (standard deviation [SD] = 2.6, range: 0-9) during which 321 individuals died (27.6%). The relation of olfactory score to risk of death was assessed in a series of proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, education, and other covariates. Olfactory scores ranged from 0 to 12 correct (mean = 9.0, SD = 2.2). In an initial analysis, risk of death decreased by about 6% for each additional odor correctly identified (hazard ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.90, 0.98). Thus, mortality risk was about 36% higher with a low score (6, 10th percentile) compared with a high score (11, 90th percentile). The association persisted in subsequent analyses that controlled for naming ability, disability, cerebrovascular disease, characteristic patterns of leisure activity, depressive symptoms, and apolipoprotein E genotype. The results indicate that difficulty identifying familiar odors in old age is associated with increased risk of death.
本研究调查了 1162 名无痴呆或帕金森病的老年人的嗅觉功能与死亡率之间的关系。他们完成了一个标准的 12 项嗅觉识别测试，然后平均随访 4.2 年（标准差 [SD] = 2.6，范围：0-9），在此期间有 321 人死亡（27.6%）。在一系列按年龄、性别、教育和其他协变量调整的比例风险模型中，评估了嗅觉评分与死亡风险的关系。嗅觉评分范围从 0 到 12 分（平均值=9.0，SD=2.2）。在初步分析中，每正确识别一种气味，死亡风险降低约 6%（风险比=0.94；95%置信区间：0.90，0.98）。因此，与高分（11，90%分位数）相比，低分组（6，10%分位数）的死亡率风险高约 36%。在随后的分析中，控制了命名能力、残疾、脑血管疾病、休闲活动的特征模式、抑郁症状和载脂蛋白 E 基因型后，这种关联仍然存在。结果表明，老年人难以识别熟悉的气味与死亡风险增加有关。
