Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Arch Dis Child. 2011 Feb;96(2):137-40. doi: 10.1136/adc.2010.194001. Epub 2010 Oct 5.
To estimate incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) over time among children in the city of Chandigarh, North India.
We analysed records of all children with KD below 15 years of age at the Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, from January 1994 to December 2008. Diagnosis and treatment of KD were based on American Heart Association criteria. Among these cases, children residing in Chandigarh were identified. Yearly incidence was calculated and compared from 1994 to 2008.
During this period, 196 children were diagnosed as KD. Of these, 80 (40.8%; 48 boys, 32 girls) resided in Chandigarh. Four among these had coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) on echocardiography, while two had mitral regurgitation. Comparison of yearly data revealed increasing incidence of disease from 0.51 cases in 1994 to 4.54 cases per 100,000 children below 15 years of age in 2007. Majority (93.7%) of cases occurred in children ≤10 years of age with the highest incidence reported in the seventh year of life. Monthly distribution of disease showed two peaks with a maximum number of cases presenting in October followed by a second peak in May with a nadir in the month of February.
Increasing incidence of KD in Chandigarh could be due to increasing clinical recognition as a result of greater awareness among paediatricians in the city, or may represent an actual increase in numbers. Striking differences from KD series reported from other countries include the older median age of our patients, low rate of CAA and a different bimodal seasonality, which may be epidemiologic clues to the nature of this vasculitis.
评估印度北部昌迪加尔市儿童川崎病（KD）的发病率随时间的变化情况。
我们分析了昌迪加尔高级儿科中心儿科过敏免疫科 1994 年 1 月至 2008 年 12 月期间所有 15 岁以下患有 KD 的儿童的记录。KD 的诊断和治疗基于美国心脏协会的标准。在这些病例中，确定了居住在昌迪加尔的儿童。计算并比较了 1994 年至 2008 年的年发病率。
在此期间，共诊断出 196 例 KD 患儿。其中 80 例（40.8%；48 名男孩，32 名女孩）居住在昌迪加尔。其中 4 例在超声心动图上有冠状动脉异常（CAA），2 例有二尖瓣反流。对每年的数据进行比较发现，该疾病的发病率从 1994 年的每 10 万名 15 岁以下儿童 0.51 例增加到 2007 年的每 10 万名儿童 4.54 例。大多数（93.7%）病例发生在≤10 岁的儿童中，7 岁时的发病率最高。疾病的月分布有两个高峰，最大数量的病例出现在 10 月，其次是 5 月有第二个高峰，2 月达到最低。
昌迪加尔 KD 发病率的增加可能是由于城市儿科医生的临床认识提高，也可能代表实际发病人数的增加。与其他国家报告的 KD 系列相比，我们患者的中位年龄较大、CAA 发生率较低以及不同的双峰季节性，这些可能是提示这种血管炎性质的流行病学线索。
