Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2010 Dec;28(12):605-10. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.09.002. Epub 2010 Oct 8.
The term "chromosome engineering" describes technologies in which chromosomes are manipulated to change their mode of genetic inheritance. This review examines recent innovations in chromosome engineering that promise to greatly increase the efficiency of plant breeding. Haploid Arabidopsis thaliana have been produced by altering the kinetochore protein CENH3, yielding instant homozygous lines. Haploid production will facilitate reverse breeding, a method that downregulates recombination to ensure progeny contain intact parental chromosomes. Another chromosome engineering success is the conversion of meiosis into mitosis, which produces diploid gametes that are clones of the parent plant. This is a key step in apomixis (asexual reproduction through seeds) and could help to preserve hybrid vigor in the future. New homologous recombination methods in plants will potentiate many chromosome engineering applications.
“染色体工程”一词描述了对染色体进行操作以改变其遗传方式的技术。本文综述了近年来有望极大提高植物育种效率的染色体工程创新。通过改变着丝粒蛋白 CENH3，已经产生了拟南芥的单倍体，从而产生了瞬时纯合系。单倍体的产生将促进反向育种，该方法下调重组以确保后代包含完整的亲本染色体。染色体工程的另一个成功是将减数分裂转化为有丝分裂，产生与亲本植物克隆的二倍体配子。这是无融合生殖（通过种子进行无性繁殖）的关键步骤，并且将来可能有助于保持杂种优势。植物中新的同源重组方法将增强许多染色体工程的应用。
