Biophysics Graduate Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 6124 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010 Nov;21(11):1708-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2010.06.024. Epub 2010 Oct 8.
To evaluate the effect of endovascular nonthermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) on blood vessels.
Specially made endovascular devices with four electrodes on top of inflatable balloons were used to apply electroporation pulses. Finite element simulations were used to characterize NTIRE protocols that would not induce thermal damage to treated tissues. Right iliac arteries of eight rabbits were treated with 90 NTIRE pulses. Angiograms were performed before and after the procedures. Arterial specimens were harvested at 7 and 35 days. Evaluation included hematoxylin and eosin, elastic von Giessen, and Masson trichrome stains. Immunohistochemistry of selected slides included smooth muscle actin (SMA), proliferating cell nuclear antigen, von Willebrand factor (VWF), and S-100 antigen.
At 7 days, all NTIRE-treated arterial segments displayed complete, transmural ablation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). At 35 days, similar damage to VSMC was noted. In most cases, the elastic lamina remained intact, and endothelial layer regenerated. Occasional mural inflammation and cartilaginous metaplasia were noted. After 5 weeks, there was no evidence of significant VSMC proliferation, with the dominant process being wall fibrosis with regenerated endothelium.
NTIRE can be applied in an endovascular approach. It efficiently ablates vessel wall within seconds and with no damage to extracellular structures. NTIRE has possible applications in many fields of clinical cardiology, including arterial restenosis and cardiac arrhythmias.
评估血管内非热不可逆电穿孔（NTIRE）对血管的影响。
使用顶部带有四个电极的特制血管内设备施加电穿孔脉冲。采用有限元模拟来描述不会对治疗组织造成热损伤的 NTIRE 方案。对 8 只兔子的右髂动脉进行了 90 次 NTIRE 脉冲处理。在处理前后进行血管造影。在 7 天和 35 天采集动脉标本。评估包括苏木精和伊红、弹性 von Giessen 和 Masson 三色染色。选择的幻灯片进行免疫组织化学染色包括平滑肌肌动蛋白（SMA）、增殖细胞核抗原、血管性血友病因子（VWF）和 S-100 抗原。
在 7 天，所有接受 NTIRE 治疗的动脉段均显示血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）的完全、贯穿性消融。在 35 天，观察到类似的 VSMC 损伤。在大多数情况下，弹性层保持完整，内皮层再生。偶尔可见壁炎症和软骨样化生。5 周后，没有明显的 VSMC 增殖证据，主要过程是伴有再生内皮的壁纤维化。
NTIRE 可通过血管内途径应用。它可以在几秒钟内有效地消融血管壁，且不会对细胞外结构造成损伤。NTIRE 在许多临床心脏病学领域具有潜在应用，包括动脉再狭窄和心律失常。
