Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Atherosclerosis. 2011 Jan;214(1):20-36. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.08.076. Epub 2010 Oct 12.
The paraoxonase (PON) gene family is composed of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share considerable structural homology and are located adjacently on chromosome 7 in humans. By far the most-studied member is PON1, a high-density lipoprotein-associated esterase/lactonase, also endowed with the capacity to hydrolyze organophosphates, but all the three proteins prevent oxidative stress and fight inflammation. They therefore seem central to a wide variety of human illnesses, including atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, mental disorders and inflammatory bowel disease. The major goal of this review is to highlight the regulation of each of the paraoxonase components by diverse nutritional molecules and pharmacological agents as well as a number of pathophysiological events, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Considerable and detailed cell-based studies and animal model experiments have been provided to allow a thorough scrutiny of PON modulation, which will increase our understanding and ability to target these genes in order to efficiently increase their transcriptional activity and decrease the risks of developing different disorders.
该对氧磷酶（PON）基因家族由三个成员（PON1、PON2、PON3）组成，它们具有相当大的结构同源性，并在人类染色体 7 上紧密相邻。迄今为止，研究最多的成员是 PON1，它是一种高密度脂蛋白相关的酯酶/内酯酶，也具有水解有机磷的能力，但所有三种蛋白质都能防止氧化应激和炎症。因此，它们似乎与多种人类疾病有关，包括动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、精神障碍和炎症性肠病。本篇综述的主要目的是强调每种对氧磷酶成分的调节作用，包括各种营养分子和药物以及一些生理病理事件，如氧化应激和炎症。提供了大量详细的基于细胞的研究和动物模型实验，以允许对 PON 的调节进行彻底的审查，这将增加我们对这些基因的理解和靶向这些基因的能力，以便有效地提高它们的转录活性并降低发生不同疾病的风险。
