Xu Zhen-Hua, Xie Chuan-Xiao
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Yi Chuan. 2010 Oct;32(10):1018-30. doi: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2010.01018.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous 16-29 nt non-coding small RNAs that were are generally found in species and typically encoded by endogenous genes. They play an important regulatory role at post-transcription level by targeting mRNA cleavage and translation repression. More and more plant miRNAs had been predicted and identified along with the development of bioinformatics and experimental techniques. At stress conditions, plant miRNAs also play a role in adaptation by up-regulating or down-regulating the miRNA expression. The biogenesis, action mode with target genes, bio-logical functions of plant miRNAs, as well as the stress-responsive miRNAs, were reviewed and the methodologies of miRNA study were also briefly summarized in this paper.
微小RNA（miRNA）是内源性的16 - 29个核苷酸的非编码小RNA，普遍存在于物种中，通常由内源基因编码。它们通过靶向mRNA切割和翻译抑制在转录后水平发挥重要的调控作用。随着生物信息学和实验技术的发展，越来越多的植物miRNA被预测和鉴定出来。在胁迫条件下，植物miRNA也通过上调或下调miRNA表达在适应过程中发挥作用。本文综述了植物miRNA的生物合成、与靶基因的作用模式、生物学功能以及胁迫响应miRNA，并简要总结了miRNA的研究方法。
