Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Worldcup-ro 164, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
Ann Anat. 2011 Feb 20;193(1):64-70. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2010.09.001. Epub 2010 Sep 17.
Unlike volume models, surface models representing hollow, three-dimensional images have a small file size; allowing them to be displayed, rotated, and modified in real time. Therefore, surface models of lumbosacral structures can be effectively used for interactive simulation of, e.g., virtual lumbar puncture, virtual surgery of herniated lumbar discs, and virtual epidural anesthesia. In this paper, we present surface models of extensive lumbosacral structures which can be used in medical simulation systems. One-hundred and thirty-eight chosen structures included the spinal cord, lumbar and sacral nerves, vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligaments, muscles, arteries, and skin. The structures were outlined in the sectioned images from the Visible Korean. From these outlined images, serial outlines of each structure were stacked. Adopting commercial software (3D-DOCTOR, Maya), an advanced surface reconstruction technique was applied to create a surface model of the structure. In the surface models, we observed the anatomical relationships of the lumbosacral structures (e.g., cauda equina and ligaments) in detail. Additionally, the portions of some spinal nerves that could not be outlined were drawn and added to the surface models. These constructed models will hopefully facilitate development of high quality medical simulation of the lumbosacral region.
与体积模型不同，代表中空三维图像的表面模型文件尺寸较小；允许它们实时显示、旋转和修改。因此，腰骶结构的表面模型可有效地用于例如虚拟腰椎穿刺、椎间盘突出症的虚拟手术和虚拟硬膜外麻醉的交互式模拟。本文介绍了可用于医学模拟系统的广泛腰骶结构的表面模型。选择了 138 个结构，包括脊髓、腰骶神经、椎体、椎间盘、韧带、肌肉、动脉和皮肤。这些结构是在 Visible Korean 的切片图像中勾勒出来的。从这些勾勒出的图像中，堆叠了每个结构的连续轮廓。采用商业软件（3D-DOCTOR、Maya），应用先进的表面重建技术创建结构的表面模型。在表面模型中，我们详细观察了腰骶结构（例如马尾和韧带）的解剖关系。此外，还绘制了一些无法勾勒出的脊髓神经部分，并将其添加到表面模型中。这些构建的模型有望促进腰骶区域高质量医学模拟的发展。
