School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2011 Jun;10(2):75-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2010.08.007. Epub 2010 Oct 16.
The proportion of patients with heart failure (HF) who have diabetes is increasing. Patients with HF not known to be diabetic are at high risk of developing insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, although the true prevalence and incidence are unknown. Despite the frequent co-occurrence of these conditions we have little evidence to direct prevention, screening and management of these patients, although earlier identification is advocated. This clinical update will define abnormal glucose levels and insulin resistance, review the pathophysiology, prevalence and incidence of glucose and insulin abnormalities in patients with HF, discuss prognostic implications, and make recommendations for clinical practice.
心力衰竭（HF）合并糖尿病患者的比例正在增加。虽然确切的患病率和发病率尚不清楚，但不明确是否患有糖尿病的 HF 患者发生胰岛素抵抗和葡萄糖耐量受损的风险很高。尽管这些情况经常同时发生，但我们几乎没有证据来指导这些患者的预防、筛查和管理，尽管提倡早期识别。本临床更新将定义异常血糖水平和胰岛素抵抗，回顾 HF 患者葡萄糖和胰岛素异常的病理生理学、患病率和发病率，讨论预后意义，并提出临床实践建议。
