Protzel C, Hakenberg O W
Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Urologische Univ.-Klinik Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock, Deutschland.
Urologe A. 2010 Nov;49(11):1415-24. doi: 10.1007/s00120-010-2431-4.
Many clinical decisions in the management of bladder cancer would benefit from better and reliable knowledge of individual prognosis. Marker for urothelial cancer can principally be measured in blood, urine and transurethrally resected tissue. In recent years new markers have been identified by new technologies and this opens exiting avenues. Since no single marker gives a clear Yes-or-no prognostic answer but always only a measure of probability, the use of marker systems has so far not gained widespread clinical applications. This will likely change in future.
膀胱癌管理中的许多临床决策将受益于对个体预后更准确可靠的了解。尿路上皮癌标志物主要可在血液、尿液和经尿道切除的组织中检测。近年来，新技术鉴定出了新的标志物，这开辟了令人兴奋的途径。由于没有单一标志物能给出明确的预后肯定或否定答案，而始终只是一种概率衡量，因此标志物系统的应用迄今尚未在临床广泛开展。这种情况未来可能会改变。
