Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Ann Med. 2011 May;43(3):179-87. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2010.530680. Epub 2010 Oct 22.
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Endocrine disorders, including adrenal deficiency and hypothyroidism, are uncommon causes of hyponatremia. Primary adrenal insufficiency (i.e. Addison's disease) may well be recognized by clear hall-marks of the disease, such as pigmentation, salt craving, hypotension, and concomitant hyperkalemia. Addison's disease is an important diagnosis not to be missed since the consequences can be grave. On the other hand, hypothyroidism and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency originating from diseases of the hypothalamus and/or pituitary (hypopituitarism) require a high index of suspicion, because the clinical signs can be quite subtle. This review focuses on clinical and pathophysiological aspects of hyponatremia due to endocrine disorders.
低钠血症是一种常见的电解质异常，可能导致严重的发病率和死亡率。内分泌紊乱，包括肾上腺功能不足和甲状腺功能减退，是低钠血症不常见的原因。原发性肾上腺功能不全（即艾迪生病）可能由于疾病的明显特征而被识别，如色素沉着、嗜盐、低血压和伴随的高钾血症。艾迪生病是一个重要的诊断，不容忽视，因为其后果可能很严重。另一方面，由于下丘脑和/或垂体疾病引起的甲状腺功能减退和继发性肾上腺皮质功能不全（垂体功能减退症）需要高度怀疑，因为临床症状可能非常微妙。这篇综述重点介绍了内分泌紊乱引起的低钠血症的临床和病理生理学方面。
