University of Glasgow, UK.
Behav Cogn Psychother. 2011 Jan;39(1):35-53. doi: 10.1017/S135246581000055X. Epub 2010 Oct 22.
This study reports the development and revision of the Beliefs about Paranoia Scale (BaPS), a self-report measure to assess metacognitive beliefs about paranoia in non-patients. We aimed to confirm the factor structure of a revised 50-item version of the measure and test the specific hypotheses that positive beliefs about paranoia would predict frequency of paranoia, and that negative beliefs about paranoia would predict distress associated with paranoia.
185 non-patient participants completed questionnaires assessing beliefs about paranoia, thought control, self-consciousness, anxiety, depression and paranoia.
The results showed that the original four-factor solution could not be replicated. Instead a three-factor solution comprising Negative Beliefs about Paranoia, Paranoia as a Survival Strategy, and Normalizing Beliefs was developed. The revised 18-item measure showed good internal consistency. Stepwise regression analysis showed that, BaPS-negative beliefs accounted for 34% of the variance with R2 of 0.339, with a multiple R of 0.585 in relation to frequency of paranoia. In relation to distress arising from paranoia, stepwise regression analysis showed that BaPS-negative beliefs accounted for 34% of the variance with R2 of 0.339, with a multiple R of 0.585. In both analyses, BaPS-Survival strategy showed a small but significant incremental increase in the variance accounted for in the overall model.
These findings suggest that a metacognitive approach to the conceptualization of paranoia as a strategy for managing interpersonal threat may have some utility. The clinical implications of the findings are also discussed.
本研究报告了偏执观念量表（BaPS）的编制和修订过程，这是一种用于评估非患者群体中对偏执观念的元认知信念的自评量表。我们旨在确认该量表的修订版（50 项）的因子结构，并检验以下具体假设：对偏执观念的积极信念会预测偏执观念的出现频率，而对偏执观念的消极信念会预测与偏执观念相关的痛苦。
185 名非患者参与者完成了评估偏执观念信念、思维控制、自我意识、焦虑、抑郁和偏执观念的问卷。
结果表明，无法复制最初的四因子结构。相反，开发了一个由负性偏执观念信念、偏执观念作为生存策略和正常化信念组成的三因子结构。修订后的 18 项量表具有良好的内部一致性。逐步回归分析表明，BaPS 负性信念可以解释偏执观念出现频率变异的 34%，R2 为 0.339，多重 R 为 0.585。与偏执观念引起的痛苦相关，逐步回归分析表明，BaPS 负性信念可以解释偏执观念痛苦变异的 34%，R2 为 0.339，多重 R 为 0.585。在这两个分析中，BaPS 生存策略显示出对整体模型解释变异的微小但显著的增量增加。
这些发现表明，将偏执观念概念化为管理人际威胁的策略的元认知方法可能具有一定的效用。还讨论了研究结果的临床意义。
