Retrovirology Laboratory IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain.
Trends Microbiol. 2010 Dec;18(12):543-51. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2010.09.003. Epub 2010 Oct 19.
The major pathway for HIV internalization in CD4+ T cells has been thought to be the direct fusion of virus and cell membranes, because the cell surface is the point of entry of infectious particles. However, the exact contribution of endocytic pathways to the infection of CD4+ T lymphocytes is unknown, and the mechanisms involved in endocytosis of HIV particles are unclear. Recent evidence suggests that endocytosis of cell-free and cell-associated virus particles could lead to effective virus entry and productive infections. Such observations have, in turn, spurred a debate on the relevance of endosomal entry as a mechanism of escape from the immune system and HIV entry inhibitors. In this paper, we review the endocytosis of HIV and discuss its role in HIV infection and pathogenesis.
HIV 进入 CD4+T 细胞的主要途径一直被认为是病毒和细胞膜的直接融合，因为细胞表面是感染颗粒进入的部位。然而，内吞途径对 CD4+T 淋巴细胞感染的确切贡献尚不清楚，HIV 颗粒内吞的机制也不清楚。最近的证据表明，细胞游离和细胞相关病毒颗粒的内吞可能导致有效的病毒进入和有性感染。这些观察结果反过来又引发了关于内体进入作为逃避免疫系统和 HIV 进入抑制剂的机制的相关性的争论。本文综述了 HIV 的内吞作用，并讨论了其在 HIV 感染和发病机制中的作用。
