Department of Geriatrics and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2011 Feb;9(1):1-12. doi: 10.1089/met.2010.0031. Epub 2010 Oct 25.
The epidemiological evidence supporting a causal link between Mediterranean diets and body weight is contrasting. We evaluated the effect of Mediterranean diets on body weight in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using a meta-analysis.
We searched English and non-English publications in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to January, 2010. Two evaluators independently selected and reviewed eligible studies. Sixteen randomized controlled trials, with 19 arms and 3,436 participants (1,848 assigned to a Mediterranean diet and 1,588 assigned to a control diet) were included.
In a random-effects meta-analysis of all 19 arms, the Mediterranean diet group had a significant effect on weight [mean difference between Mediterranean diet and control diet, -1.75 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2.86 to -0.64 kg] and body mass index (mean difference, -0.57 kg/m², -0.93 to -0.21 kg/m²). The effect of Mediterranean diet on body weight was greater in association with energy restriction (mean difference, -3.88 kg, -6.54 to -1.21 kg), increased physical activity (-4.01 kg, -5.79 to -2.23 kg), and follow up longer than 6 months (-2.69 kg, -3.99 to -1.38 kg). No study reported significant weight gain with a Mediterranean diet.
Mediterranean diet may be a useful tool to reduce body weight, especially when the Mediterranean diet is energy-restricted, associated with physical activity, and more than 6 months in length. Mediterranean diet does not cause weight gain, which removes the objection to its relatively high fat content. These results may be useful for helping people to lose weight.
支持地中海饮食与体重之间存在因果关系的流行病学证据存在差异。我们使用荟萃分析评估了地中海饮食对随机对照试验（RCT）中体重的影响。
我们在 PubMed、Embase、Scopus 和 Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库中检索了从创建到 2010 年 1 月的英文和非英文出版物。两名评估员独立选择并审查了合格的研究。纳入了 16 项 RCT，共 19 个试验组，3436 名参与者（1848 名分配到地中海饮食组，1588 名分配到对照组）。
在对所有 19 个试验组的随机效应荟萃分析中，地中海饮食组的体重[地中海饮食组与对照组之间的平均差异，-1.75kg；95%置信区间（CI），-2.86 至-0.64kg]和体重指数（平均差异，-0.57kg/m²，-0.93 至-0.21kg/m²）有显著影响。地中海饮食对体重的影响在与能量限制（平均差异，-3.88kg，-6.54 至-1.21kg）、增加体力活动（-4.01kg，-5.79 至-2.23kg）和随访时间超过 6 个月（-2.69kg，-3.99 至-1.38kg）时更大。没有研究报告地中海饮食会导致体重增加。
地中海饮食可能是减轻体重的有效工具，特别是当地中海饮食受到能量限制、与体力活动相关且持续时间超过 6 个月时。地中海饮食不会导致体重增加，这消除了对其相对高脂肪含量的反对意见。这些结果可能有助于帮助人们减肥。
