Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2010 Nov;20(4):597-617. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2010.07.012.
Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure within the intracranial space. Intracranial hypotension is a clinical syndrome in which low cerebrospinal fluid volume (CSF) results in orthostatic headache. Severe cases can result in nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and, rarely, decreased level of consciousness and coma. CSF opening pressure can be within the normal range in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Imaging tests therefore play a key and decisive role in the diagnosis, as well as treatment, of intracranial hypotension. Intracranial hypertension occurs in a chronic form known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension, as well as in a large variety of neurologic and systemic disorders. Symptoms include headache, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, and in severe cases, altered level of consciousness that can progress to coma and death. Direct measurements of CSF pressure through lumbar puncture (in idiopathic intracranial hypotension) or invasive ICP monitoring (in acute intracranial hypertension) are the key diagnostic tests. Imaging is used primarily to determine treatable causes of increased ICP, to assess for impending brain herniation, and to evaluate ventricular size.
颅内压（ICP）是颅内空间的压力。颅内低血压是一种临床综合征，其特征是脑脊液（CSF）体积减少导致直立性头痛。严重情况下可导致恶心、呕吐、畏光，极少数情况下还会出现意识水平降低和昏迷。自发性颅内低血压患者的 CSF 开放压可能在正常范围内。因此，影像学检查在颅内低血压的诊断和治疗中起着关键和决定性的作用。慢性颅内高压以特发性颅内高压的形式出现，也出现在多种神经和系统性疾病中。症状包括头痛、恶心和呕吐、视力模糊，严重情况下会出现意识改变，甚至进展为昏迷和死亡。通过腰椎穿刺（特发性颅内低血压）或有创 ICP 监测（急性颅内高血压）直接测量 CSF 压力是关键的诊断检查。影像学主要用于确定颅内压升高的可治疗原因，评估即将发生的脑疝，并评估脑室大小。
