University Medical Centre Maastricht, and Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2010 Nov;10(11):1733-45. doi: 10.1586/ern.10.115.
Acute pain informs the individual that there is an imminent threat of body damage, and is associated with the urge to escape and avoid. Fear learning takes place when neutral stimuli receive the propensity to predict the occurrence of pain, and when defensive responses are initiated in anticipation of potential threats to the integrity of the body. Fear-avoidance models have been put forward featuring the role of individual differences in catastrophic interpretations of pain in the modulation of learning and avoidance. Based on extensive literature on fear reduction in anxiety disorders; cognitive-behavioral treatments have been developed and applied to patients with chronic pain reporting substantial pain-related fear. In this article, we discuss mechanisms underlying the acquisition, the assessment and extinction of pain-related fear through the cognitive-behavioral treatment of pain-related fear. Finally, we provide a number of critical notes and directions for future research in the field of chronic pain and pain-related fear.
急性疼痛告知个体即将发生身体损伤的威胁，并且与逃避和避免的冲动相关。当中性刺激具有预测疼痛发生的倾向，并且当对身体完整性的潜在威胁发起防御反应时，就会发生恐惧学习。已经提出了恐惧回避模型，其特征是个体对疼痛的灾难性解释的差异在学习和回避的调节中的作用。基于对焦虑障碍中恐惧减少的广泛文献；已经开发了认知行为治疗方法，并应用于报告大量与疼痛相关的恐惧的慢性疼痛患者。在本文中，我们通过对与疼痛相关的恐惧的认知行为治疗，讨论了获得、评估和消除与疼痛相关的恐惧的机制。最后，我们对慢性疼痛和与疼痛相关的恐惧领域的未来研究提供了一些关键的注释和方向。
