Saito Taiju, Goto-Kazeto Rie, Fujimoto Takafumi, Kawakami Yutaka, Arai Katsutoshi, Yamaha Etsuro
Nanae Fresh Water Laboratory, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Nanae, Japan.
Int J Dev Biol. 2010;54(10):1481-86. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.103111ts.
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the only cells in developing embryos that can transmit genetic information to the next generation. PGCs therefore have considerable potential value for gene banking and cryopreservation, particularly via production of donor gametes using germ-line chimeras. In some animal species, including teleost fish, the feasibility of using PGC transplantation to obtain donor-derived offspring, within and between species, has been demonstrated. Successful use of PGC transplantation to produce germ-line chimeras is absolutely dependent on the migration of the transplanted cells from the site of transplantation to the host gonadal region. Here, we induced germ-line chimeras between teleost species using two different protocols: blastomere transplantation and single PGC transplantation. We evaluated the methods using the rate of successful migration of transplanted PGCs to the gonadal region of the host embryo. First, we transplanted blastomeres from zebrafish, pearl danio, goldfish, or loach into blastula-stage zebrafish embryos. Some somatic cells, derived from donor blastomeres, were co-transplanted with the PGCs and formed aggregates in the host embryos; a low efficiency of PGC transfer was achieved. Second, a single PGC from the donor species was transplanted into a zebrafish embryo. In all inter-species combinations, the donor PGC migrated toward the gonadal region of the host embryo at a comparatively high rate, regardless of the phylogenetic relationship of the donor and host species. These transplantation experiments showed that the mechanism of PGC migration is highly conserved beyond the family barrier in fish and that transplantation of a single PGC is an efficient method for producing inter-species germ-line chimeras.
原始生殖细胞（PGCs）是发育中的胚胎中唯一能够将遗传信息传递给下一代的细胞。因此，PGCs在基因库和冷冻保存方面具有相当大的潜在价值，特别是通过使用种系嵌合体生产供体配子。在包括硬骨鱼在内的一些动物物种中，已经证明了使用PGC移植在种内和种间获得供体来源后代的可行性。成功利用PGC移植产生种系嵌合体绝对依赖于移植细胞从移植部位迁移到宿主性腺区域。在这里，我们使用两种不同的方案在硬骨鱼物种之间诱导种系嵌合体：卵裂球移植和单个PGC移植。我们使用移植的PGCs成功迁移到宿主胚胎性腺区域的比率来评估这些方法。首先，我们将斑马鱼、珍珠丹鱼、金鱼或泥鳅的卵裂球移植到囊胚期斑马鱼胚胎中。一些源自供体卵裂球的体细胞与PGCs一起被共同移植，并在宿主胚胎中形成聚集体；PGC转移效率较低。其次，将来自供体物种的单个PGC移植到斑马鱼胚胎中。在所有种间组合中，供体PGC以相对较高的比率向宿主胚胎的性腺区域迁移，而不管供体和宿主物种的系统发育关系如何。这些移植实验表明，PGC迁移机制在鱼类的科间屏障之外高度保守，并且单个PGC移植是生产种间种系嵌合体的有效方法。
