Henderson R H
Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1990;76:7-14.
The initiative established by the World Health Organization in 1974 under the title of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) has resulted in immunization programmes being strengthened in developing countries so that they now cover 66% of children reaching their first birthday with a dose of DPT or polio vaccines. Immunization programmes are currently preventing over 2 million deaths among children in developing countries from measles, neonatal tetanus and whooping cough. Future challenges for the EPI include: raising and sustaining immunization coverage; controlling the target diseases, with specific focus on the control of measles, the elimination of neonatal tetanus and the eradication of poliomyelitis; introducing new or improved vaccines; promoting other primary health care practices; and research and development. Immunization will become an increasing priority for developing and industrialized countries alike as an increasing array of vaccines become available for public health use. Further research to simplify and reduce the costs of vaccine production and administration and to better understand the factors contributing to the acceptability of immunization services is needed as a complement to research to develop additional vaccines.
世界卫生组织于1974年发起的“扩大免疫规划”（EPI）倡议，已使发展中国家的免疫规划得到加强，目前已有66%满周岁儿童接种了一剂白百破疫苗或脊髓灰质炎疫苗。免疫规划目前预防了发展中国家200多万儿童死于麻疹、新生儿破伤风和百日咳。扩大免疫规划未来面临的挑战包括：提高并维持免疫接种覆盖率；控制目标疾病，尤其着重于控制麻疹、消除新生儿破伤风和根除脊髓灰质炎；引进新的或改进的疫苗；推广其他初级卫生保健措施；以及开展研究与开发。随着越来越多的疫苗可供公共卫生使用，免疫接种将日益成为发展中国家和工业化国家的优先事项。需要开展进一步研究，以简化并降低疫苗生产和接种成本，并更好地了解有助于提高免疫服务可接受性的因素，以此作为开发更多疫苗研究的补充。
