口腔疾病和障碍对学龄前儿童口腔健康相关生活质量的影响。

Impact of oral diseases and disorders on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children.

机构信息

Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2227, University City, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

出版信息

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;39(2):105-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00580.x. Epub 2010 Oct 5.

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00580.x

PMID:21029148

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The presence of oral diseases and disorders can produce an impact on the quality of life of preschool children and their parents, affecting their oral health and well-being. However, socioeconomic factors could confound this association, but it has not been yet tested at this age.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the impact of early childhood caries (ECC), traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and malocclusions on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children between 2 and 5 years of age adjusted by socioeconomic factors.

METHODS

Parents of 260 children answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) (six domains) on their perception of the children's OHRQoL and socioeconomic conditions. Two calibrated dentists (κ>0.8) examined the severity of ECC according to dmft index, and children were categorized into: 0=caries free; 1-5=low severity; ≥6=high severity. TDI and malocclusions were examined according to Andreasen & Andreasen (1994) classification and for the presence or absence of three anterior malocclusion traits (AMT), respectively. OHRQoL was measured through ECOHIS domain and total scores, and poisson regression was used to associate the different factors with the outcome.

RESULTS

In each domain and overall ECOHIS scores, the severity of ECC showed a negative impact on OHRQoL (P<0.001). TDI and AMT did not show a negative impact on OHRQoL nor in each domain (P>0.05). The increase in the child's age, higher household crowding, lower family income and mother working out of home were significantly associated with OHRQoL (P<0.05). The multivariate adjusted model showed that the high severity of ECC (RR=3.81; 95% CI=2.66, 5.46; P<0.001) was associated with greater negative impact on OHRQoL, while high family income was a protective factor for OHRQoL (RR=0.93; 95% CI=0.87, 0.99; P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The severity of ECC and a lower family income had a negative impact on the OHRQoL of preschool children and their parents.

摘要

背景

口腔疾病和障碍会对学龄前儿童及其父母的生活质量产生影响，影响他们的口腔健康和幸福感。然而，社会经济因素可能会混淆这种关联，但尚未在这个年龄段进行测试。

目的

评估幼儿龋病（ECC）、创伤性牙外伤（TDI）和错畸形对 2 至 5 岁儿童口腔健康相关生活质量（OHRQoL）的影响，并对社会经济因素进行调整。

方法

260 名儿童的家长根据儿童的 OHRQoL 和社会经济状况回答幼儿口腔健康影响量表（ECOHIS）（六个领域）。两名经过校准的牙医（κ>0.8）根据 dmft 指数检查 ECC 的严重程度，并将儿童分为：0=无龋；1-5=低严重程度；≥6=高严重程度。TDI 和错畸形根据 Andreasen & Andreasen（1994 年）分类进行检查，并分别检查三个前牙错畸形特征（AMT）的存在与否。通过 ECOHIS 领域和总分测量 OHRQoL，使用泊松回归将不同因素与结果相关联。

结果

在每个领域和 ECOHIS 总分中，ECC 的严重程度对 OHRQoL 有负面影响（P<0.001）。TDI 和 AMT 对 OHRQoL 也没有负面影响，也没有对每个领域产生负面影响（P>0.05）。儿童年龄的增加、家庭拥挤程度的增加、家庭收入的降低和母亲外出工作与 OHRQoL 显著相关（P<0.05）。多变量调整模型显示，ECC 严重程度高（RR=3.81；95%CI=2.66，5.46；P<0.001）与 OHRQoL 更大的负面影响相关，而高家庭收入是 OHRQoL 的保护因素（RR=0.93；95%CI=0.87，0.99；P<0.001）。