Imaging of the porous ultrastructure of the glomerular epithelial filtration slit.

The ultrastructure of the glomerular filtration slit is still controversial. In the last 30 years, observations from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and theoretical analysis of solute clearance produced conflicting results. Here, we used scanning EM with a high-sensitivity detector to image the deepest regions of the filtration slits and report a previously undescribed organization of the slits' ultrastructure. In contrast to previous TEM imaging, we observed circular and ellipsoidal pores in the podocyte junctions mainly located in the central region of the slit diaphragm. The normal mean pore radius estimated by digital morphometric analysis had a log-normal distribution, with an average value of 12.1 nm. In proteinuric pathologic conditions, the mean pore radius values were also log-normally distributed with the presence of some very large pores, exceeding the sizes observed in normal conditions. Our morphologic analysis suggests that the filtration slit is a heteroporous structure instead of the previously proposed zipper-like structure. Selective changes in the ultrastructural organization of the pores may be responsible for the increased filtration of plasma proteins in glomerular disease.