Craver-Lemley Catherine, Bornstein Robert F, Alexander Danielle N, Barrett Anna M
Department of Psychology, Elizabethtown College.
Imagin Cogn Pers. 2009;29(4):307-322. doi: 10.2190/ic.29.4.c.
Studies have documented the negative effects of mental imagery on perception (also known as the Perky effect) in younger adults, but imagery-interference effects in older adults have never been assessed. Two experiments examined this issue directly. Experiment 1 demonstrated that visual mental images diminish visual acuity in younger adults (mean age = 19.0) but not older adults (mean age = 73.6). Experiment 2 obtained parallel results, showing that visual imagery interfered with performance on a visual detection task in younger (mean age = 18.7) but not older adults (mean age = 66.7). Processes underlying age-related differences in imagery-interference effects are discussed and implications of these results for changes in cognitive performance in older adults are considered.
研究已记录了心理意象对年轻人感知的负面影响（也称为珀基效应），但从未评估过老年人的意象干扰效应。两项实验直接对这一问题进行了研究。实验1表明，视觉心理意象会降低年轻人（平均年龄 = 19.0岁）的视敏度，但不会降低老年人（平均年龄 = 73.6岁）的视敏度。实验2得出了类似的结果，表明视觉意象会干扰年轻人（平均年龄 = 18.7岁）在视觉检测任务中的表现，但不会干扰老年人（平均年龄 = 66.7岁）的表现。本文讨论了意象干扰效应中与年龄相关差异的潜在过程，并考虑了这些结果对老年人认知表现变化的影响。
