Craver-Lemley C, Reeves A
Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Psychol Rev. 1992 Oct;99(4):633-49. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.99.4.633.
Mental visual imagery interferes with vision: the Perky (1910) effect. Is the effect optical, sensory, perceptual, attentional, or just a response bias? Acuity was measured (in undergraduates and graduates) using target lines, with and without images (of lines). Optics (fixation, pupil size, accommodation), response bias, global attention (effort; diversion of attention to imagery), perceptual assimilation (target incorporation by imagery) and perceptual masking (of target by imagery) all fail to explain the effect. Foveally, local attention plays a limited role, as the Perky effect in divided attention is half that in focused attention, but this interaction vanishes with extrafoveal targets. Images produce primarily sensory interference, mimicking a reduction in target energy.
珀基（1910年）效应。该效应是光学的、感觉的、知觉的、注意力方面的，还是仅仅是一种反应偏差？使用目标线对（本科生和研究生）视力进行了测量，测量时有无（线的）图像。光学因素（注视、瞳孔大小、调节）、反应偏差、整体注意力（努力程度；注意力转向表象）、知觉同化（表象对目标的纳入）以及（表象对目标的）知觉掩蔽都无法解释这种效应。在中央凹处，局部注意力作用有限，因为在分散注意力时的珀基效应是集中注意力时的一半，但这种相互作用在外中央凹目标时消失。图像主要产生感觉干扰，类似于目标能量的降低。
