Waszkiewicz Napoleon, Szulc Agata
Klinika Psychiatrii, Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Białymstoku.
Przegl Lek. 2009;66(9):529-34.
About fifteen percent of Polish people abuse alcohol and about two percent are alcohol-dependent. Despite the current prevention strategies, alcohol abuse and its patterns- risky and harmful drinking in particular, are still a growing problem. There is an urgent need to improve alcohol abuse detection strategies and its prevention. Early detection of alcohol problems may prevent their further development and progression. The behavioral and clinical features of alcohol abuse are described at first. Then was briefly described short-range (ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetate, methanol, and 5-hydroxytryptophol), mid-range (fatty acid ethyl esters, ethyl glucuronide, phosphatidyl ethanol, and ethyl sulphate), long-range (mean corpuscular volume, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate- and alanine-aminotransferases, carbohydrate deficient transferrin, acetaldehyde adducts, beta-hexosaminidase, sialic acid) as well as other known and less known biomarkers associated with alcohol abuse. Usefulness of the mid-range biomarkers is increasing, since their time of detection (1-7 days) in biological fluids occur between that of the immediate-range and long-range markers. This is the first week of abstinence in which problems caused by alcohol commonly require treatment.
约15%的波兰人酗酒，约2%的人酒精依赖。尽管有当前的预防策略，但酗酒及其模式，尤其是危险和有害饮酒，仍是一个日益严重的问题。迫切需要改进酗酒检测策略及其预防措施。酒精问题的早期发现可能会阻止其进一步发展和恶化。首先描述了酗酒的行为和临床特征。然后简要介绍了短期（乙醇、乙醛、乙酸盐、甲醇和5-羟色醇）、中期（脂肪酸乙酯、乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷、磷脂酰乙醇和硫酸乙酯）、长期（平均红细胞体积、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、天冬氨酸和丙氨酸转氨酶、缺糖转铁蛋白、乙醛加合物、β-己糖胺酶、唾液酸）以及其他与酗酒相关的已知和鲜为人知的生物标志物。中期生物标志物的实用性正在增加，因为它们在生物体液中的检测时间（1 - 7天）介于短期和长期标志物之间。这是戒酒的第一周，在此期间，酒精引起的问题通常需要治疗。
