A double bend achromat lattice for the Pohang Light Source to reduce emittance and increase number of insertion devices.

The Pohang Light Source (PLS) storage ring is a synchrotron light source with the emittance of 18.9 nm at 2.5 GeV and has delivered vacuum ultraviolet and soft x-rays during the past 15 years. We investigate a lattice design for the 3 GeV ring for an upgrade project that keeps the existing tunnel. We investigate a double bend achromat (DBA) structure that provides the reduction of emittance by a factor of 3 and the increase of the number of straight section by a factor of 2 than the existing PLS lattice. We present several characteristics on the beam dynamics, dynamic aperture, and optics matching in the low-emittance lattice which includes squeezed space between magnets. Present PLS lattice has 12 long straight sections of 6.8 m long and the lattice is modified to provide the additional 12 short straight sections of 3.7 m long by eliminating a bending magnet in the middle of the cell of the present triplet bending achromat lattice. Thus, the new lattice consists of a total of 24 straight sections that consist of 12×6.8 and 12×3.7 m long straight sections, which can provide the spaces for the 4- and 2-m-long insertion devices. We present the design results in detail for a DBA lattice in 281.82 m long circumference. It is shown that the emittance of 6.2 nm in the lattice can be achieved by allowing nonzero dispersions in the straight sections. The lattice provides high brilliance at the photon energy of a few 10 keV that meets the requirements by synchrotron radiation users; however, it may require a strong focusing and become sensitive to machine errors and effects of insertion devices. Thus, we investigated the dynamic aperture in the lattice by a simulation method and achieved an optimal tune under the strength of sextupole magnets of 500 T/m(2) for the low-emittance ring. We also performed the lattice tunings to restore the optics due to the errors in the low-emittance ring. In result, our designed lattice shows a good optimization in terms of emittance, brilliance, and circumference as a light source for a 3 GeV.