Cogn Neuropsychol. 2005 Jul;22(5):499-522. doi: 10.1080/02643290442000086.
An analysis of normal and dyslexic readers' reaction-time (RT) performance in a standard visualdetection task (Experiment A) and in temporally primed visual detection (Experiment B) reveals a tendency for significantly longer search and detection RTs for dyslexic relative to the performance of normal readers. Consistent with previous studies, the RTs of normal readers and fast dyslexic responders exhibited target-specific priming effects. In contrast, in addition to increased but statistically insignificant target priming, a set of slower dyslexic responders showed strong negative priming on target-absent trials. In spite of the longer detection latencies produced by these dyslexic participants, no evidence was found to suggest that negative priming occurred as a general function of increasing difficulty in task performance (Experiment C). The enhanced positive and the negative priming effects are both interpreted in the context of the possible deployment of attentional mechanisms to the priming stimulus. The extent to which this strategy is characteristic of dyslexic performance as a whole may relate to the degree to which the dyslexic responder concerned experiences some general temporal processing impairment: Attentional deployment in this instance serving to compensate a lack of the requisite temporal resolution required for coding the spatiotemporal structure of the prime.
对正常阅读者和诵读困难阅读者在标准视觉检测任务（实验 A）和时间启动视觉检测（实验 B）中的反应时（RT）表现进行分析，揭示了诵读困难阅读者的搜索和检测 RT 相对于正常阅读者的表现有显著延长的趋势。与之前的研究一致，正常阅读者和快速诵读困难应答者的 RT 表现出了目标特异性启动效应。相比之下，除了增加但统计学上不显著的目标启动效应之外，一组较慢的诵读困难应答者在目标不存在的试验中表现出强烈的负启动效应。尽管这些诵读困难参与者的检测潜伏期较长，但没有证据表明负启动是作为任务表现难度增加的一般功能而发生的（实验 C）。增强的正启动和负启动效应都可以在注意力机制可能被部署到启动刺激的背景下进行解释。这种策略在多大程度上是诵读困难表现的特征，可能与诵读困难应答者所经历的某种一般时间处理障碍的程度有关：在这种情况下，注意力的部署是为了弥补对启动刺激的时空结构进行编码所需的必要时间分辨率的缺乏。
