United States Military Cancer Institute, Washington, DC 20307, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010 Dec;19(12):2167-74. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1909. Epub 2010 Nov 1.
Hispanics are the largest and fastest growing ethnic group in the United States. Compared with white non-Hispanic women, however, Hispanic women have significantly lower cancer screening rates. Programs designed to increase cancer screening rates, including the national Screen for Life campaign, which specifically promoted colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, regional educational/research programs, and state cancer control programs, have been launched. Screen for Life and some of these other intervention programs have targeted Hispanic populations by providing educational materials in Spanish in addition to English.
The objective of this study was to compare changes in colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening rates from 2000 to 2005 among Hispanic and white non-Hispanic women, using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The age ranges of study subjects and the definitions of cancer screening were site specific and based on the American Cancer Society (ACS) screening recommendations.
Although overall screening rates were found to be lower among Hispanic women, CRC screening increased about 1.5-fold among both Hispanic and white non-Hispanic women, mainly driven by endoscopic screening, which increased 2.1-fold and 2.9-fold, respectively, from 2000 to 2005 (p < 0.01). Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) for CRC declined among white non-Hispanic women and remained stable among Hispanic women during the same period. Mammogram and Pap smear screening tended to decline during the study period for both ethnic groups, especially white non-Hispanic women.
Although cancer screening rates may be affected by multiple factors, culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate national educational programs may have contributed to the increase in endoscopic CRC screening compliance.
西班牙裔是美国最大且增长最快的族群。然而，与白人非西班牙裔女性相比，西班牙裔女性的癌症筛查率明显较低。为了提高癌症筛查率，包括旨在专门推广结直肠癌（CRC）筛查的全国“生命筛查”运动、区域性教育/研究项目和州癌症控制项目在内的各种项目已经启动。“生命筛查”和其中一些其他干预项目通过提供西班牙语和英语的教育材料来针对西班牙裔人群。
本研究的目的是使用来自国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）的数据，比较 2000 年至 2005 年间西班牙裔和白人非西班牙裔女性的结直肠癌、乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查率的变化。研究对象的年龄范围和癌症筛查的定义是特定部位的，并且基于美国癌症协会（ACS）的筛查建议。
尽管西班牙裔女性的总体筛查率较低，但结直肠癌筛查率在西班牙裔和白人非西班牙裔女性中均增加了约 1.5 倍，主要是由于内镜筛查的增加，内镜筛查分别增加了 2.1 倍和 2.9 倍，从 2000 年到 2005 年（p < 0.01）。结直肠癌的粪便潜血检测（FOBT）在白人非西班牙裔女性中下降，而在同期西班牙裔女性中保持稳定。在此期间，两种族裔的乳房 X 光检查和巴氏涂片筛查均呈下降趋势，尤其是白人非西班牙裔女性。
尽管癌症筛查率可能受到多种因素的影响，但具有文化敏感性和语言适宜性的国家教育计划可能有助于增加内镜 CRC 筛查的依从性。
