Liu Jing-Jing, Wu Wei-Xiang, Ding Ying, Shi De-Zhi, Chen Ying-Xu
Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2010 Aug;21(8):2154-60.
As the first step of nitrification, ammonia oxidation is the key process in global nitrogen biogeochemical cycling. So far, the autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the beta- and gamma-subgroups of proteobacteria have been considered as the most important contributors to ammonia oxidation, but the recent researches indicated that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are widely distributed in various kinds of ecosystems and quantitatively predominant, playing important roles in the global nitrogen biogeochemical cycling. This paper reviewed the morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics and the molecular phylogenies of AOA, and compared and analyzed the differences and similarities of the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) and its encoding genes between AOA and AOB. In addition, the potential significant roles of AOA in nitrogen biogeochemical cycling in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems were summarized, and the future research directions of AOA in applied ecology and environmental protection were put forward.
作为硝化作用的第一步，氨氧化是全球氮生物地球化学循环中的关键过程。到目前为止，变形菌门β-和γ-亚群中的自养氨氧化细菌（AOB）被认为是氨氧化的最重要贡献者，但最近的研究表明，氨氧化古菌（AOA）广泛分布于各种生态系统中且数量占优，在全球氮生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了AOA的形态、生理和生态特征及其分子系统发育，并比较分析了AOA和AOB之间氨单加氧酶（AMO）及其编码基因的异同。此外，总结了AOA在水生和陆地生态系统氮生物地球化学循环中的潜在重要作用，并提出了AOA在应用生态学和环境保护方面未来的研究方向。
