Lewallen Lynne Porter, Street Darlene J
PhD, RN, CNE, is an associate professor in the Parent-Child Department, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC, USA.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2010 Nov-Dec;39(6):667-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2010.01196.x.
To explore issues related to initiating and sustaining breastfeeding in African American women.
Qualitative design using focus groups, guided by Leininger's theory of culture care diversity and universality.
Three different regions of a southeastern state in the United States.
Fifteen self-identified African American women who had recently breastfed were recruited by lactation consultants and by word of mouth.
Three focus groups were conducted with initial guiding questions. New ideas that emerged were fully explored in the group and included as a guiding question for the next group.
Categories identified from the data were reasons to start and stop breastfeeding, advice about breastfeeding that was useful or not useful, and cultural issues related to breastfeeding that were perceived to be unique among African Americans. Three overall themes were identified that cut across categories: perceived lack of information about benefits and management of breastfeeding, difficulties breastfeeding in public, and lack of a support system for continued breastfeeding.
Women need to be taught early in their pregnancies about the benefits of breastfeeding and offered continuing support and teaching once breastfeeding is established. Peer support groups for breastfeeding African American women should be established.
探讨非裔美国女性开始并持续母乳喂养相关的问题。
采用焦点小组的定性设计，以莱宁格的文化照护多样性与普遍性理论为指导。
美国东南部一个州的三个不同地区。
通过哺乳顾问和口碑招募了15名自称近期进行过母乳喂养的非裔美国女性。
进行了三个焦点小组讨论，提出了初始引导性问题。小组中出现的新想法得到充分探讨，并作为下一组的引导性问题。
从数据中确定的类别包括开始和停止母乳喂养的原因、有用或无用的母乳喂养建议，以及非裔美国人中被认为独特的与母乳喂养相关的文化问题。确定了贯穿各分类的三个总体主题：对母乳喂养的益处和管理缺乏认知、在公共场合进行母乳喂养存在困难，以及缺乏持续母乳喂养的支持系统。
应在女性怀孕早期就向她们传授母乳喂养的益处，并在建立母乳喂养后提供持续的支持和指导。应为非裔美国母乳喂养女性建立同伴支持小组。
