Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
J Evol Biol. 2011 Jan;24(1):139-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02146.x. Epub 2010 Nov 2.
Character displacement is a process by which interactions between two species that exhibit similar traits, results in geographical patterns of trait divergence in one or both species. These traits evolve to reduce costs of interspecific interactions in sympatry and thus differ from their condition in allopatry. In male damselflies Calopteryx splendens, large wing spots are sexually selected. However, in sympatric populations with Calopteryx virgo, wing spot size decreases as C. virgo abundance increases. The stability of this pattern is unclear, because previous studies have focused on sympatric populations with potentially fluctuating relative abundances. We studied the wing spot sizes of C. splendens in both sympatric and allopatric populations. Our data show that male C. splendens' wing spots are larger in allopatry than in sympatry with C. virgo. We suggest that both interspecific aggression and avoidance of interspecific reproductive interactions may result in this pattern, although their relative importance remains unclear.
特征替代是指两个具有相似特征的物种之间的相互作用，导致一个或两个物种的特征在地理上出现分歧的过程。这些特征的进化是为了降低同域物种间相互作用的成本，因此与它们在异域的状态不同。在雄性豆娘 Calopteryx splendens 中，大的翅膀斑点是性选择的结果。然而，在与 Calopteryx virgo 共存的种群中，随着 C. virgo 丰度的增加，翅膀斑点的大小会减小。这种模式的稳定性尚不清楚，因为以前的研究集中在相对丰度可能波动的同域种群上。我们研究了 Calopteryx splendens 在同域和异域种群中的翅膀斑点大小。我们的数据表明，雄性 C. splendens 的翅膀斑点在异域种群中比与 C. virgo 共存的种群中更大。我们认为，种间侵略和避免种间生殖相互作用都可能导致这种模式，尽管它们的相对重要性仍不清楚。
