Noma Takeshi
Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, Department of Pediatrics, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi. 2010;33(5):262-71. doi: 10.2177/jsci.33.262.
The helper T cell paradigm, divided into two distinct subsets, Th1 and Th2 cells, characterized by distinct cytokine and functions, has been expanded to IL-17-producing Th17 cells. Th1 cells producing IFN-γ are involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity, effective in intracellular pathogens defense, while Th2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-25 and has a central role in IgE production, eosinophilic inflammation, and the protection for helminthic parasite infection. Th17 cell lineages, expressing IL-17 family of cytokines and IL-23-mediated functions on T cells, plays a role in immune response to fungi and extracellular pathogens and autoimmune inflammatory disorders. Th17 cells are required the combination of IL-6 and TGF-β and the transcription factors, RORC2/RORgt (mice) and STAT3 for differentiation, and produce IL-17, IL-22, IL-17F, IL-21 and CCL20. FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells produce TGF-β and IL-10, which regulate effector T cells, and thus maintain peripheral tolerance. Four functionally unique CD4+ T cells, including the regulatory T (Treg) cells are now involved in the regulation of immune responses to pathogens, self-antigens and allergens. Any defect in the entire CD4+T cell population might results in human diseases. In this review, the biology of Th17 cells and Treg cells and their role in immune diseases are presented.
辅助性T细胞范式已扩展到产生白细胞介素-17（IL-17）的Th17细胞，该范式分为两个不同的亚群，即Th1细胞和Th2细胞，其特征在于不同的细胞因子和功能。产生干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）的Th1细胞参与迟发型超敏反应，对细胞内病原体防御有效，而Th2细胞分泌IL-4、IL-5、IL-13和IL-25，在免疫球蛋白E（IgE）产生、嗜酸性粒细胞炎症以及对蠕虫寄生虫感染的保护中起核心作用。表达IL-17细胞因子家族和IL-23介导的T细胞功能的Th17细胞谱系，在对真菌和细胞外病原体的免疫反应以及自身免疫性炎症疾病中发挥作用。Th17细胞分化需要IL-6和转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）以及转录因子维甲酸相关孤儿受体C2（RORC2）/维甲酸相关孤儿受体γt（RORγt，小鼠）和信号转导及转录激活因子3（STAT3）的组合，并产生IL-17、IL-22、IL-17F、IL-21和CC趋化因子配体20（CCL20）。叉头框蛋白P3（FOXP3）+调节性T（Treg）细胞产生TGF-β和IL-10，调节效应T细胞，从而维持外周耐受。包括调节性T（Treg）细胞在内的四种功能独特的CD4+T细胞现在参与对病原体、自身抗原和过敏原的免疫反应调节。整个CD4+T细胞群体中的任何缺陷都可能导致人类疾病。在这篇综述中，介绍了Th17细胞和Treg细胞的生物学特性及其在免疫疾病中的作用。
